Ta architektka rysuje plany domów, a jej brat mówi, że ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły.

Ta means this and agrees with architektka in gender, number, and case.

• ta = feminine singular nominative
• architektka = feminine singular nominative

So ta architektka means this female architect.

If the noun were masculine, you would use ten:

• ten architekt = this architect

If it were neuter:

• to dziecko = this child

Polish demonstratives must match the noun they go with.

Yes, architektka is the standard feminine form meaning female architect.

• architekt = architect, usually masculine or gender-neutral in some contexts
• architektka = female architect

Polish often forms feminine job titles with endings like -ka:

• nauczyciel → nauczycielka
• aktorka is already feminine from aktor
• student → studentka

So in this sentence, architektka clearly tells you the person is a woman.

Rysuje is the 3rd person singular present tense of rysować (to draw).

Conjugation:

• ja rysuję = I draw / am drawing
• ty rysujesz = you draw
• on/ona/ono rysuje = he/she/it draws

Since the subject is ta architektka (she), Polish uses rysuje.

Polish usually does not need the subject pronoun ona, because the verb form already shows the person and number.

Because in Polish, when one noun describes what another noun is a plan/design of, the second noun often goes into the genitive.

So:

• plan = plan
• plany = plans
• domy = houses
• domów = of houses

That gives:

• plany domów = plans of houses / house plans

This is a very common pattern:

• drzwi samochodu = the car’s door / the door of the car
• mapa miasta = map of the city
• projekt ogrodu = design of a garden

Here domów is the genitive plural of dom.

Because the base noun is dom (house), and after plany Polish uses the genitive to show what the plans are for.

Forms of dom:

• singular nominative: dom
• plural nominative: domy
• plural genitive: domów

So:

• plany domu = plans of a house
• plany domów = plans of houses

The sentence talks about house plans in general, so plural genitive domów is used.

In Polish, a often links two clauses by meaning something like:

• and
• while
• whereas
• and on the other hand

So:

• Ta architektka rysuje plany domów, a jej brat mówi...

This feels like: This architect draws house plans, and her brother says...

Using a is very natural here because it smoothly connects one subject to another:

• first subject: ta architektka
• second subject: jej brat

I would also mean and, but a often sounds better when shifting to a different person or contrasting two pieces of information lightly.

Jej means her.

So:

• jej brat = her brother

This shows that the brother belongs to or is related to the female architect mentioned earlier.

Compare:

• jego brat = his brother
• mój brat = my brother
• twój brat = your brother

A useful point: jej does not change form the way many Polish adjectives do. It stays jej in many contexts.

Grammatically, ma just means he/she/it has, because Polish does not need to state the subject pronoun.

So the clause:

• że ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły could literally mean
• that he/she has really interesting ideas

In context, the most natural interpretation is usually:

• her brother says that she has really interesting ideas

That is, ma refers back to ta architektka.

If Polish speakers wanted to make it clearer, they could say:

• że ona ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły = that she has really interesting ideas

Polish often leaves subjects unstated when they are understood from context.

Because Polish is a pro-drop language, which means subject pronouns are often omitted.

English usually needs:

• she draws
• he says
• she has

Polish often just uses the verb:

• rysuje
• mówi
• ma

That is possible because the verb endings already tell you the person and number. Pronouns like ona or on are added mainly for:

• emphasis
• contrast
• extra clarity

So że ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły is perfectly normal.

Because the adjective ciekawy (interesting) must agree with pomysły (ideas) in gender, number, and case.

Here:

• pomysły is plural
• the phrase is functioning as the object of ma
• for masculine inanimate plural nouns, nominative and accusative plural are often the same

So we get:

• ciekawe pomysły = interesting ideas

Compare:

• singular masculine: ciekawy pomysł = an interesting idea
• plural: ciekawe pomysły = interesting ideas

Naprawdę means really.

In this sentence it modifies the adjective phrase:

• naprawdę ciekawe pomysły = really interesting ideas

Its position is very natural before the adjective:

• ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły

You can often move adverbs around in Polish, but some positions sound more natural than others. Here the chosen order is smooth and idiomatic.

Compare:

• ma ciekawe pomysły = has interesting ideas
• ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły = has really interesting ideas

It is in the accusative plural, because it is the direct object of ma (has).

However, for masculine inanimate plural nouns, the accusative plural looks the same as the nominative plural.

So:

• nominative plural: pomysły
• accusative plural: pomysły

That is why the form does not visibly change here.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more natural than others.

The original sentence:

• Ta architektka rysuje plany domów, a jej brat mówi, że ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły.

is neutral and natural.

You could change the order for emphasis, for example:

• Plany domów rysuje ta architektka...
  This puts focus on house plans.
• Jej brat mówi, że ta architektka ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły.
  This makes the subject of ma clearer.

So Polish word order often reflects information focus rather than being as rigid as English.

Both rysuje and mówi are imperfective verbs:

• rysować = to draw
• mówić = to say / to speak

Imperfective verbs are the normal choice for:

• habits
• repeated actions
• general present-time statements
• ongoing actions

That fits this sentence well:

• she draws house plans
• her brother says...

Perfective verbs normally do not have a regular present tense meaning for current actions; their “present” forms usually refer to the future.

So here the imperfective forms are exactly what you would expect.

You would need to change the words that agree with the subject’s gender.

For example:

• Ten architekt rysuje plany domów, a jego brat mówi, że ma naprawdę ciekawe pomysły.

Changes:

• ta → ten
• architektka → architekt
• jej brat → jego brat

The rest of the sentence can stay the same, because:

• rysuje works for he/she
• mówi works for he/she
• ma works for he/she