Czy mogłaby pani powiedzieć, czy ten formularz mam podpisać dziś czy jutro?

Because the two instances of czy do different jobs.

• The first Czy at the beginning helps form a polite yes/no question, similar to starting with Could... in English.
• The second czy means whether / if:
  Czy mogłaby pani powiedzieć, czy... = Could you tell me whether...
• At the end, dziś czy jutro uses czy in the sense of or:
  today or tomorrow

So although it is the same word, its function depends on the context.

Literally, mogłaby pani powiedzieć is something like:

• mogłaby = could
• pani = you when speaking formally to a woman
• powiedzieć = say / tell

So literally: Could you tell...

It is polite because Polish often uses the conditional form for requests, just like English uses could instead of can.

Compare:

• Czy może pani powiedzieć...? = Can you tell...?
• Czy mogłaby pani powiedzieć...? = Could you tell...?

The second one sounds softer and more courteous.

Because pani is the formal word used when addressing a woman.

• mogłaby is the feminine singular conditional form
• pani refers to a female addressee

So:

• Czy mogłaby pani...? = formal, to a woman
• Czy mógłby pan...? = formal, to a man
• Czy mogłabyś...? = informal, to one woman you know well
• Czy mógłbyś...? = informal, to one man you know well

The form of the verb agrees with the gender of the person being addressed.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English word order.

Czy mogłaby pani powiedzieć... is a very natural order.
But you may also hear:

• Czy pani mogłaby powiedzieć...?

Both are correct. The difference is mostly in emphasis and rhythm, not basic meaning.

Polish often places the verb before pan/pani in polite questions, so Czy mogłaby pani... sounds very standard and natural.

Mam podpisać literally means I am to sign or I’m supposed to sign.

It comes from:

• mam = I have
• podpisać = to sign

But in Polish, mieć + infinitive often means:

• be supposed to
• be expected to
• have to in the sense of instructions or arrangements

So here czy ten formularz mam podpisać dziś czy jutro? is not just Do I have the ability to sign it? It means:

• Am I supposed to sign this form today or tomorrow?
• Should I sign this form today or tomorrow?

Because podpisać is the perfective verb, and here the speaker is asking about a single completed action.

• podpisać = to sign once, to complete the signing
• podpisywać = to be signing / to sign repeatedly / to sign in an ongoing or habitual sense

Since a form is normally signed once, podpisać is the natural choice.

Ten formularz is in the accusative case, because it is the object of podpisać.

You are signing this form, so formularz is the direct object.

For masculine inanimate nouns like formularz, the accusative singular is the same as the nominative singular:

• nominative: ten formularz
• accusative: ten formularz

So even though the case is accusative here, the form looks the same.

In Polish, the indirect object is often omitted when it is obvious.

English usually says:

• Could you tell me whether...

In Polish, it is very normal to say simply:

• Czy mogłaby pani powiedzieć, czy...

If you want to include me, you can say:

• Czy mogłaby mi pani powiedzieć, czy...

That is also correct and natural. The version without mi just sounds slightly lighter because to me is understood from context.

Yes. Dziś and dzisiaj both mean today.

• dziś is shorter
• dzisiaj is slightly fuller/longer in form

Both are common and natural. In this sentence, dziś sounds concise and perfectly normal.

In Polish, czy can also mean or in direct-choice questions.

So:

• dziś czy jutro? = today or tomorrow?
• kawa czy herbata? = coffee or tea?

This is very common when asking someone to choose between alternatives.

The standard word for or in statements is usually albo or lub, but in questions offering a choice, czy is extremely common.

Because the second part is an embedded clause:

• Czy mogłaby pani powiedzieć, czy...

The speaker is asking someone to tell them whether something is the case. In Polish spelling, a comma is normally used before this kind of subordinate clause introduced by czy.

So the comma helps separate:

• the main clause: Czy mogłaby pani powiedzieć
• the subordinate clause: czy ten formularz mam podpisać dziś czy jutro

Yes, that is also correct.

Polish allows several word orders here:

• czy ten formularz mam podpisać dziś czy jutro
• czy mam podpisać ten formularz dziś czy jutro

Both mean basically the same thing.

The version with ten formularz earlier can sound slightly more focused on the form itself, while the other order may sound a little more neutral or procedural. But both are natural.

Yes, definitely.

The clues are:

• pani = formal you for a woman
• mogłaby = conditional, polite request form

So this is the kind of sentence you might use in:

• an office
• a clinic
• a bank
• a government building
• any situation where you speak respectfully to a woman you do not know well

A less formal version would be something like:

• Czy możesz powiedzieć, czy ten formularz mam podpisać dziś czy jutro?

That would be for someone you address informally.

No. It tells us the addressee is female, because of pani and mogłaby, but it does not tell us whether the speaker is male or female.

The form mam podpisać just means am I supposed to sign and does not show the speaker’s gender.

So the only gender information here is about the person being addressed: she is a woman.