Po śniadaniu myję ręce, wycieram usta i jeszcze raz patrzę w lustro.

It means after breakfast.

Literally:

• po = after
• śniadaniu = breakfast, in a changed grammatical form

Polish has no articles, so po śniadaniu can mean either after breakfast or after the breakfast, depending on context. In most everyday situations, English simply translates it as after breakfast.

Because the preposition po normally requires the locative case when it means after in time expressions.

So:

• basic form: śniadanie
• after po: po śniadaniu

This is very common:

• po obiedzie = after lunch / after dinner
• po kolacji = after dinner / supper
• po pracy = after work

So po śniadaniu is just the correct case form after po.

Because Polish usually leaves out subject pronouns when they are obvious from the verb ending.

Here the verb forms already show I:

• myję = I wash / I am washing
• wycieram = I wipe / I am wiping
• patrzę = I look / I am looking

So adding ja is usually unnecessary. You would use ja mainly for emphasis, contrast, or clarity:

• Ja myję ręce, a on nie. = I wash my hands, but he doesn’t.

In Polish, the present tense can describe:

• something happening right now
• a habit or routine
• a sequence in a general, everyday situation

So this sentence can mean something like:

• After breakfast, I wash my hands, wipe my mouth, and look in the mirror once more.

It sounds very natural as a description of a routine. Polish does not need a special tense for that.

Because these are imperfective verbs, which are the normal choice for:

• habits
• repeated actions
• actions viewed as ongoing or descriptive

So:

• myję ręce = I wash / I am washing my hands
• wycieram usta = I wipe / I am wiping my mouth
• patrzę w lustro = I look / I am looking in the mirror

If you used perfective forms, the meaning would change:

• umyję ręce = I will wash my hands completely
• wytrę usta = I will wipe my mouth
• spojrzę w lustro = I will take a look in the mirror

A perfective verb in Polish usually does not have a true present-tense meaning. Its present form usually refers to the future.

Because ręce means hands, and the sentence is talking about washing both hands.

So:

• myję ręce = I wash my hands
• myję rękę = I wash my hand / one hand

This is also a good example of how Polish often uses the body-part noun without a possessive word like my. In English we say my hands, but in Polish myję ręce is enough. It is already understood that they are your own hands.

Also, ręce here is the accusative plural, but for this kind of noun it looks the same as the nominative plural.

Because usta is the normal Polish word used for a person’s mouth/lips in this kind of context, and it is grammatically plural.

So:

• wycieram usta = I wipe my mouth / lips

Even though English often uses the singular mouth, Polish uses usta. That is just how the language works.

You can think of it as referring to the lips/mouth area. It is very natural Polish.

Because in Polish, possession is often left unstated when it is obvious, especially with body parts.

So Polish normally says:

• myję ręce
• wycieram usta

rather than:

• myję moje ręce
• wycieram moje usta

Using moje here would usually sound unnecessary unless you are emphasizing contrast:

• Myję moje ręce, nie twoje. = I’m washing my hands, not yours.

Because patrzeć w lustro is the normal expression for to look in / into a mirror.

There is an important difference:

• patrzeć w lustro = to look in the mirror, into it, at your reflection
• patrzeć na lustro = to look at the mirror as an object

So if you are checking your face, hair, etc., Polish normally says patrzeć w lustro.

Because here w takes the accusative case, and for the neuter noun lustro, the accusative singular looks the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: lustro
• accusative: lustro

That is why nothing changes on the surface.

This is useful to compare with:

• patrzę w lustro = I look into the mirror
• widzę siebie w lustrze = I see myself in the mirror

In w lustrze, the noun is in the locative, so the form changes.

It means once more, one more time, or again.

Literally:

• jeszcze = still / yet / more
• raz = once / one time

Together, jeszcze raz means repeating the action one more time:

• jeszcze raz patrzę w lustro = I look in the mirror once more

It is a little more specific than just again, because it clearly suggests one additional time.

Yes. Polish word order is fairly flexible, and changing it usually changes emphasis, not the basic meaning.

The given sentence is very natural:

• Po śniadaniu myję ręce, wycieram usta i jeszcze raz patrzę w lustro.

You could move parts around, but the focus would shift. For example:

• Jeszcze raz patrzę w lustro po śniadaniu.
• Po śniadaniu jeszcze raz patrzę w lustro.

These are possible, but the original version sounds like a smooth, neutral description of a sequence of actions.

Because Polish punctuation works like English here when listing actions.

The sentence has three coordinated actions:

• myję ręce
• wycieram usta
• jeszcze raz patrzę w lustro

Polish separates earlier items in the series with commas, but normally there is no comma before i when i means and and simply joins the last item.

So:

• myję ręce, wycieram usta i jeszcze raz patrzę w lustro

is the normal punctuation.