Czy to jest mój dom?

Czy is a question particle that signals a yes/no question (a question you can answer with tak/nie). It usually comes at the beginning of the question:

• Czy to jest mój dom?
  Without czy, you can still ask a yes/no question, but you rely more on intonation (see below).

Yes. Polish often forms yes/no questions using intonation alone:

• To jest mój dom? (rising intonation) This is common in conversation and can sound a bit more casual or “checking/confirming.”

In sentences like To jest X (This/That is X), to is very commonly used as a neutral pointing word meaning this/that/it. It works a bit like English this/that in “That’s my house.”

• Czy to jest mój dom? = Is this/that my house/home? You can also use a more specific demonstrative when you want to sound more “literal” about this particular object:
• Czy to jest ten dom? = Is this that (specific) house? But for Is this my house?, to is the normal choice.

Not always. In the present tense, jest (is) is often omitted, especially in speech:

• Czy to mój dom?
• To mój dom. Using jest is perfectly correct and can sound a bit more explicit or careful:
• Czy to jest mój dom? (very clear, neutral)

Polish word order is flexible, but this is the most neutral, textbook order:

• Czy (question marker) + to
  • jest
    • mój dom Other orders are possible, usually to add emphasis:
• Czy mój dom to jest? (odd/unnatural)
• Czy to mój dom jest? (possible but marked; emphasis on jest is unusual) Most learners should stick with:
• Czy to (jest) mój dom?

Mój dom is in the nominative case because it functions as the predicate noun after to jest (an equational “X is Y” structure):

• to = “this/that”
• (jest) mój dom = “(is) my house” So you don’t use accusative here.

Because dom is masculine (inanimate) in Polish. Possessive adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the noun:

• mój dom (masculine singular)
• moja książka (feminine singular)
• moje mieszkanie (neuter singular)
• moje domy (plural non-masculine-person / mixed depending on noun)

It can mean either depending on context.

• dom often corresponds to house (the building) but can also mean home (the place you belong to).
  If you specifically mean an apartment/flat, Polish often uses:
• mieszkanie = apartment/flat
  So Czy to jest moje mieszkanie? would be “Is this my apartment?”

A helpful approximate pronunciation:

• Czy ≈ chy (with a Polish cz sound)
• to jest ≈ to yest
• mój ≈ moy (one syllable)
• dom ≈ dom (short o)

Stress in Polish is usually on the second-to-last syllable of a word:

• CZY-t o (but czy is a separate short word)
• JE st (one syllable)
• mój (one syllable)
• dom (one syllable)

Both can mean the same thing, but the feel differs:

• Czy to jest mój dom? = clearly marked as a yes/no question; neutral and careful
• To jest mój dom? = more conversational; can sound like you’re surprised or seeking confirmation (intonation does more work)

You can keep the sentence and add polite framing:

• Przepraszam, czy to jest mój dom? = Excuse me, is this my house? Or you might ask in a more realistic way:
• Przepraszam, czy to jest ulica X numer Y? = Excuse me, is this X Street number Y?

Common answers include:

• Tak, to jest twój dom. = Yes, this is your house.
• Tak, to twój dom. (more natural in speech)
• Nie, to nie jest twój dom. = No, this is not your house.
• Nie, to nie twój dom. (shorter, common)