Han sover mye i helgen.

Yes. Norwegian present tense is broader than English present:

• It can describe a general habit:
  
  • Han sover mye i helgen. = He sleeps a lot on weekends.
• It can also describe a planned or expected near future (especially if context makes that clear):
  
  • Han sover mye i helgen. (said on Thursday, about the coming weekend) ≈ He is going to sleep a lot this weekend.

So sover (present) can cover:

• He sleeps (habit)
• He is going to sleep (near future plan/expectation)

Context decides which reading is meant.

It can mean different things depending on context:

1. This (coming) weekend

   • Said before the weekend:
     Han sover mye i helgen. = He will sleep a lot this weekend.

2. Last weekend

   • Said just after the weekend:
     Han sover mye i helgen. (with past-tense context) can be understood as He sleeps/slept a lot during the weekend.
   • More clearly in the past:
     Han sov mye i helgen. = He slept a lot last weekend.

3. On weekends in general (habit)

   • It can be understood this way, but i helgene (plural) is clearer:
     
     • Han sover mye i helgene. = He sleeps a lot on weekends (as a rule).

So:

• i helgen = during one specific weekend (this/that weekend)
• i helgene = on weekends in general (all weekends)

Norwegian uses prepositions differently from English, and you just have to learn some of these as fixed patterns.

For weekend, Norwegian normally uses i:

• i helgen = during the weekend
• i ferien = during the vacation
• i julen = during Christmas (the Christmas period)

På is used with many days:

• på mandag = on Monday
• på fredag = on Friday

But for helg (weekend), the idiomatic phrase is i helgen, not på helgen.
På helgen will sound wrong or at least very unusual to native speakers in most contexts.

They are different forms of the noun helg (weekend):

• helg – indefinite singular

  • en helg / ei helg = a weekend

• helgen – definite singular (Bokmål, using masculine form)

  • helgen = the weekend
  • i helgen = during the weekend

• helga – definite singular (Bokmål feminine form, and common in dialects; also standard in Nynorsk)

  • i helga = during the weekend
    This is very common in spoken Norwegian.

• helgene – definite plural

  • helgene = the weekends
  • i helgene = during the weekends / on weekends (generally)

In Bokmål you can treat helg as:

• masculine: en helg – helgen
• or feminine: ei helg – helga

Both are correct; usage depends on region and style.

Mye is a general word for a lot / much and is a bit vague on its own. In this sentence it can mean:

• He sleeps a lot in total during the weekend.
• Could be understood as he sleeps for many hours, but that’s implied, not explicit.

Other, more precise options:

• Han sover lenge i helgen.
  = He sleeps for a long time on the weekend (focus on the length of each sleep).

• Han sover ofte i helgen.
  = He sleeps often on the weekend (many separate naps).

• Han sover masse i helgen. (informal)
  = He sleeps a ton / loads on the weekend.

So:

• mye – a lot (neutral, quantity)
• lenge – for a long time (duration)
• ofte – often (frequency)
• masse – a lot (very informal, like a ton)

Norwegian main clauses usually follow this pattern:

Subject – Verb – (short adverb) – Other information

In this sentence:

• Han = subject
• sover = verb
• mye = adverb (degree)
• i helgen = time expression (prepositional phrase)

So the neutral word order is:

Han (subject) sover (verb) mye (adverb) i helgen (time phrase).

• Han mye sover i helgen – incorrect word order.
• Han sover i helgen mye – understandable but sounds odd and marked; it breaks the usual flow.

In practice, adverbs like mye normally come right after the verb in simple sentences.

Yes, that is correct and very natural.

Norwegian has a V2 word order rule in main clauses: the verb must be second element in the sentence.

• Neutral: Han sover mye i helgen.
  (Subject first, verb second.)

If you move i helgen to the front to emphasize the time, the verb must still come second:

• I helgen sover han mye.

Position breakdown:

1. I helgen – first element (time expression)
2. sover – second element (verb)
3. han – subject
4. mye – adverb

You cannot say:

• I helgen han sover mye. ❌ (verb is now third)

Use the same structure but change the verb tense.

Past (preterite):

• Han sov mye i helgen.
  = He slept a lot this past weekend.

Future (with skal or kommer til å):

• Han skal sove mye i helgen.
  = He is going to sleep a lot this weekend. (plan/intention)

• Han kommer til å sove mye i helgen.
  = He will probably sleep a lot this weekend. (prediction, expectation)

You can also keep the present with a future meaning if context is clear:

• Han sover mye i helgen. (said about the coming weekend)
  = He is going to sleep a lot this weekend.

In main clauses, the typical order around the verb is:

Subject – Verb – ikke – (other stuff)

So:

• Han sover ikke mye i helgen.
  = He does not sleep much on the weekend.

Breakdown:

• Han – subject
• sover – verb
• ikke – negation
• mye – adverb (degree)
• i helgen – time expression

If you start with i helgen:

• I helgen sover han ikke mye.
  (Verb still second; ikke follows the subject here.)

No. In Norwegian you must normally include the subject pronoun:

• Han sover mye i helgen. ✅
• Sover mye i helgen. ❌ (sounds incomplete; only possible as a very marked fragment, e.g. in notes/headlines, and still feels odd)

Norwegian verb forms don’t change for different persons (I/you/he/etc.), so you cannot tell the subject from the verb form alone. That’s why the pronoun han is needed.

Approximate pronunciation in standard Eastern Norwegian (roughly, Oslo area):

• Han ≈ hahn (short a as in father, but shorter)

• sover ≈ SOH-ver

  • so- like English so
  • -ver with a short e (like e in get)

• mye ≈ MEE-yeh

  • first syllable like me
  • second syllable like a very quick ye

• i ≈ ee (like see)

• helgen ≈ HEL-yen

  • hel- like hell but with a short e
  • -gen becomes a soft -yen sound in most accents

Said smoothly:
Han SOH-ver MEE-yeh ee HEL-yen.