Under meteorsvermen ser vi mange stjerneskudd.

Because Norwegian normally uses verb-second word order in main clauses.

The first element in this sentence is Under meteorsvermen. Once that time phrase is placed first, the finite verb must come next, so you get:

Under meteorsvermen ser vi mange stjerneskudd.

If you start with the subject instead, then you would say:

Vi ser mange stjerneskudd under meteorsvermen.

Both are correct. The version with Under meteorsvermen first gives a little more emphasis to the time setting.

Not here. In this sentence, under means during.

So under meteorsvermen means during the meteor shower, not physically underneath the meteor shower.

This is a very common use of under in Norwegian:

• under krigen = during the war
• under møtet = during the meeting
• under konserten = during the concert

Meteorsvermen is the definite singular form of en meteorsverm.

• en meteorsverm = a meteor shower
• meteorsvermen = the meteor shower

So the sentence is talking about a specific meteor shower, not just any meteor shower.

Norwegian often adds definiteness as a suffix:

• en bil → bilen
• en stjerne → stjernen
• en meteorsverm → meteorsvermen

If you said Under en meteorsverm, that would mean during a meteor shower.

Because Norwegian usually writes compound nouns as a single word.

So:

• meteor + sverm → meteorsverm
• stjerne + skudd → stjerneskudd

This is very normal in Norwegian. English often writes similar ideas as separate words, but Norwegian prefers one combined noun.

A few similar examples:

• sommerferie = summer holiday
• fotballkamp = football match
• soloppgang = sunrise

Stjerneskudd is one of the nouns whose indefinite singular and indefinite plural forms are the same.

So you have:

• et stjerneskudd = a shooting star
• stjerneskudd = shooting stars
• stjerneskuddet = the shooting star
• stjerneskuddene = the shooting stars

That is why mange stjerneskudd is correct. Even though it is plural, the form stays stjerneskudd.

This happens with several neuter nouns in Norwegian.

Because mange already works as the determiner.

In Norwegian, just like in English, you normally do not add an article after many:

• many shooting stars
• mange stjerneskudd

You would not say:

• mange et stjerneskudd
• mange en stjerneskudd

So mange directly introduces the plural noun.

Yes. That sentence is also correct.

The difference is mainly about focus and style:

• Under meteorsvermen ser vi mange stjerneskudd.
  This starts with the time phrase, so it highlights when it happens.

• Vi ser mange stjerneskudd under meteorsvermen.
  This starts with the subject, so it feels a bit more neutral or straightforward.

Both mean the same basic thing.

Ser is the present tense of å se.

• å se = to see
• ser = see / are seeing

In Norwegian, the present tense can describe:

1. something happening right now
2. something that happens generally or repeatedly

So this sentence could mean either:

• Right now, during the meteor shower, we are seeing many shooting stars or
• During a meteor shower, we see many shooting stars

The exact meaning depends on context.

The dictionary forms are:

• en meteorsverm = a meteor shower
• et stjerneskudd = a shooting star

That means:

• meteorsverm is a common-gender noun
• stjerneskudd is a neuter noun

This matters because it affects articles and endings:

• en meteorsverm → meteorsvermen
• et stjerneskudd → stjerneskuddet