Dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan, tetapi saya lebih suka sayur dan telur.

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Questions & Answers about Dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan, tetapi saya lebih suka sayur dan telur.

In the sentence, dia can mean he or she. How do speakers know which one is meant?

Dia is a gender‑neutral third‑person singular pronoun. It simply means he / she / that person.

Speakers work out the gender from context:

  • from the person’s name or who they’re talking about
  • from earlier sentences (e.g. Dia isteri saya → clearly she)
  • or by adding words like dia lelaki (he, male) or dia perempuan (she, female) if needed

Malay normally doesn’t mark gender unless it’s important to the meaning.

Why is the verb suka the same for dia and saya? In English we say he likes but I like.

In Malay, verbs do not change for person or number.

  • dia suka = he/she likes
  • saya suka = I like
  • mereka suka = they like

The verb suka always keeps the same form. There is no -s for he/she, and no special ending for I, you, we, etc.

There is no word showing tense, like likes / liked / will like. How do we know when this is happening?

Malay normally doesn’t change the verb for tense either. Time is usually shown by time words or by context:

  • Dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan. → (general habit) He/She likes chicken and fish dishes.
  • Semalam dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan.Yesterday he/she liked chicken and fish dishes.
  • Esok dia akan suka lauk ayam dan ikan. (a bit odd, but grammatically) → Tomorrow he/she will like…

Common time markers:

  • past: semalam, tadi, dulu
  • future: nanti, esok, akan

Without these markers, the default reading is usually a general or present statement.

What exactly does lauk mean? Why not just say Dia suka ayam dan ikan?

Lauk is a culturally specific word. It means the side dishes eaten with rice – usually meat, fish, or vegetables cooked as separate dishes.

  • Dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan.
    → He/She likes chicken and fish dishes (as side dishes with rice).

If you say Dia suka ayam dan ikan, it’s still understandable, but it sounds more like “he/she likes chicken and fish (as foods)” without the specific “rice side dish” nuance. Using lauk makes it clearer you’re talking about the prepared dishes on the table with rice.

In lauk ayam dan ikan, what is the structure? Is ayam dan ikan describing lauk?

Yes. The structure is:

  • head noun
    • describing part
  • lauk (side dishes) + ayam dan ikan (chicken and fish)

So lauk ayam dan ikan literally is chicken and fish side dishes or side dishes of chicken and fish.

In Malay, the main noun usually comes first, and the words that describe or specify it come after:

  • baju merah = red shirt (literally: shirt red)
  • lauk ayam dan ikan = chicken and fish dishes (literally: dishes chicken and fish)
What is the difference between tetapi and tapi? Can I use tapi here?

Both tetapi and tapi mean but / however.

  • tetapi – more formal or neutral; common in writing, speeches, careful speech
  • tapi – more informal / conversational; used a lot in everyday speech

In this sentence, you can say either:

  • … ikan, tetapi saya lebih suka … (more formal/neutral)
  • … ikan, tapi saya lebih suka … (everyday spoken style)

Both are grammatically correct.

Why is there a comma before tetapi? Do Malay writers always put a comma before tetapi like English before but?

A comma before tetapi is common and recommended when it links two full clauses:

  • Dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan, tetapi saya lebih suka sayur dan telur.

However:

  • In very short sentences, people sometimes omit the comma.
  • In informal writing (texts, chats), punctuation is often looser.

So the comma here is good style, but in casual writing you may see:

  • Dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan tetapi saya lebih suka sayur dan telur.
What does lebih add in saya lebih suka sayur dan telur? Could I just say saya suka sayur dan telur?

Lebih means more. Lebih suka literally means to like more, which corresponds to English to prefer.

  • Saya suka sayur dan telur.
    → I like vegetables and eggs. (no comparison stated)

  • Saya lebih suka sayur dan telur.
    → I prefer vegetables and eggs / I like vegetables and eggs more.

In this sentence, lebih is important because it shows a comparison with dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan.

Why is prefer expressed as lebih suka instead of a single verb?

Malay often uses adverbs of degree plus a basic verb to express meanings that English packs into a single verb.

  • lebih suka = like more → prefer
  • paling suka = like most → like the most / favorite
  • kurang suka = like less

Malay doesn’t have a separate basic verb exactly equal to English prefer. Instead, lebih suka naturally covers that meaning.

Why are sayur and telur not repeated to show plural, like sayur-sayur?

In Malay, nouns are usually number‑neutral unless you need to emphasize plurality or give a specific number.

  • sayur can mean vegetable or vegetables
  • telur can mean egg or eggs

You only mark plural when it matters:

  • sayur-sayur = (various) vegetables, many kinds
  • dua biji telur = two eggs
  • banyak sayur = many vegetables

In this sentence, the plural meaning vegetables and eggs is clear from context, so sayur and telur do not need to be repeated.

What is the difference between saya and aku for I? Could we say Aku lebih suka sayur dan telur?

Both saya and aku mean I, but they differ in formality and social distance:

  • saya – polite, neutral, safe with anyone (strangers, older people, formal settings)
  • aku – more intimate/informal, used with close friends, siblings, sometimes in songs or poetry

You can say:

  • Saya lebih suka sayur dan telur. (neutral/polite)
  • Aku lebih suka sayur dan telur. (informal/close relationship)

Grammatically both are correct; choice depends on who you’re talking to and the tone you want.

Is it possible to drop the subject dia or saya here, like Suka lauk ayam dan ikan, tetapi lebih suka sayur dan telur?

In spoken Malay, subjects can sometimes be dropped if they are very clear from context. But your example:

  • Suka lauk ayam dan ikan, tetapi lebih suka sayur dan telur.

sounds incomplete or slightly unnatural on its own because we don’t know who is being talked about.

More natural patterns are:

  • After you mention the subject once, you might drop it in the very next clause:
    Dia suka lauk ayam dan ikan, tetapi lebih suka sayur dan telur.
    (The second dia is understood.)

For clear, standard sentences—especially in writing—it’s safest to keep at least one subject in the sentence.

What is the difference between dan and dengan? Could we say lauk ayam dengan ikan?

Dan and dengan can both link words, but they are not identical:

  • dan = and (pure conjunction)

    • ayam dan ikan = chicken and fish
  • dengan = with, together with, or “using”

    • nasi dengan lauk = rice with dishes
    • tulis dengan pensel = write with a pencil

In informal speech, many people do say ayam dengan ikan, using dengan like and. It’s very common in conversation.

However, in standard written Malay, dan is the more correct and neutral choice for and. So in your sentence:

  • lauk ayam dan ikan is preferred in writing.
  • lauk ayam dengan ikan will be heard in speech and understood, but is more colloquial.