Learn Hardcore Malay: Adakah awak sudah meminjam buku penting kepada guru, atau awak belum sempat? - Have you already borrowed the important book from the teacher, or have you not had the chance yet?

Adakah is used to form a yes/no question. It functions similarly to adding “do” or “have” at the beginning of an English question, indicating that the sentence expects a confirmation or denial.

Why is sudah included with the verb meminjam?

Sudah means “already” in English. It signals that the action of borrowing (i.e., meminjam) has been completed. In this context, it asks if you have already borrowed the important book.

What does the phrase belum sempat imply?

Belum sempat literally translates to “not yet had the chance.” It indicates that the action hasn’t been done due to a lack of opportunity. In the sentence, it offers an alternative, asking if you have not yet had the chance to borrow the book.

What is the role of the verb meminjam in the sentence?

Meminjam means “to borrow.” The prefix me- is a common marker for active verbs in Malay. Here, it directly refers to the act of borrowing the important book.

Why is kepada guru used rather than just guru?

Kepada is a preposition meaning “to” and is used to indicate the recipient of the action. Adding kepada before guru clarifies that the important book was borrowed from the teacher.

Is it common to repeat the subject awak in both parts of the sentence?

Yes, it is common in Malay to repeat the subject for clarity and emphasis. Here, repeating awak (meaning “you”) in both the first and the alternative clause reinforces that the question is directed at the same person in each part.

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