Medica rogat utrum dolor in facie maneat an solum in fronte et genis sentiatur.

Medica is the feminine form, so it means female doctor.
Medicus would mean male doctor.

In this sentence, medica is the subject of rogat, so it is in the nominative singular: the female doctor asks.

Rogat is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

So it means she asks or the doctor asks.

The subject does not need to be repeated in Latin because the verb ending -t already shows he/she/it.

Utrum ... an ... is a very common Latin way to introduce an indirect question with two alternatives. It means whether ... or ....

So here the structure is:

• utrum = whether
• an = or

The sentence is asking between two possibilities:

• whether the pain remains in the face
• or whether it is felt only in the forehead and cheeks

Because they are inside an indirect question after rogat.

In Latin, indirect questions normally take the subjunctive. So:

• maneat = may remain / remains in an indirect-question sense
• sentiatur = may be felt / is felt in an indirect-question sense

A native English speaker may not expect this, because English does not mark indirect questions this way very often. But in Latin this is standard grammar.

Dolor is the subject of both verbs in the indirect question:

• dolor ... maneat
• dolor ... sentiatur

Even though dolor is only stated once, it belongs with both parts. Since it is the thing that remains or is felt, it must be in the nominative.

Latin often expresses this idea as the pain is felt rather than someone feels the pain.

So:

• sentiatur = is felt

This is the present subjunctive passive of sentire.

English can say either whether the pain is felt only... or whether one feels the pain only..., but Latin here chooses the passive wording.

One preposition can govern more than one noun if they are joined together.

So in fronte et genis means:

• in the forehead and cheeks

The in applies to both fronte and genis. Latin does not need to repeat it.

Because in with the ablative expresses location: in/on a place.

So:

• in facie = in the face
• in fronte = in the forehead
• in genis = in the cheeks

If in meant motion into somewhere, Latin would normally use the accusative instead.

Because cheeks are normally thought of as a pair. Latin, like English, often uses the plural here.

So:

• gena = cheek
• genae = cheeks
• genis = ablative plural, after in

Here solum means only.

It functions adverbially: it limits the second possibility. The idea is not just is the pain felt in the forehead and cheeks, but is it felt only in the forehead and cheeks.

So solum is modifying the sense of the whole phrase that follows, not describing a noun as an adjective.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because Latin uses endings to show each word’s role.

This sentence is arranged quite naturally for Latin:

• Medica rogat sets up the main clause first.
• utrum ... an ... introduces the two alternatives.
• dolor appears early because it is the topic of the question.
• solum is placed before in fronte et genis to emphasize only.

So the meaning depends mainly on endings and constructions, not on a fixed English-style word order.

They come from different declensions, which is useful to notice:

• facie comes from facies, faciei — 5th declension
• fronte comes from frons, frontis — 3rd declension
• genis comes from gena, genae — 1st declension plural ablative

This sentence is a good reminder that nouns from different declensions can appear together in the same construction, as long as they are in the correct case.