Figulus quoque parvum pretium poscit, quia vas integrum et pulchrum est.

Figulus is nominative singular, so it is the subject of poscit.

A learner can tell this because:

• -us is a very common nominative singular ending for a 2nd-declension masculine noun.
• The verb poscit is 3rd person singular, so it needs a singular subject.
• The sentence structure naturally gives figulus as the one doing the asking.

So figulus ... poscit = the potter asks/demands.

Quoque means also or too.

In Latin, quoque often comes after the word it emphasizes. So:

• Figulus quoque = the potter too / the potter also

That placement is very normal in Latin. English usually puts also before the word or later in the sentence, but Latin often uses quoque after the emphasized word.

Parvum pretium is in the accusative singular, because it is the direct object of poscit.

Breakdown:

• pretium = price
• parvum = small, little

Since pretium is a neuter singular noun, the adjective has to agree with it in:

• gender: neuter
• number: singular
• case: accusative

So:

• nominative singular: parvum pretium
• accusative singular: parvum pretium

For neuter 2nd-declension nouns, nominative and accusative singular often look the same.

Because it agrees with pretium, which is neuter singular.

The adjective parvus, parva, parvum changes form depending on what noun it describes:

• masculine: parvus
• feminine: parva
• neuter: parvum

Since pretium is neuter, Latin uses parvum.

Pretium means price, value, or sometimes payment depending on context.

In this sentence, parvum pretium poscit means something like:

• asks a small price
• asks for a low price
• demands only a little

So the focus is on the amount being asked.

Poscit is:

• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood
• 3rd person singular

It comes from poscere, meaning to ask for, demand, or request.

So figulus ... poscit means:

• the potter asks
• the potter is asking
• sometimes the potter demands

depending on how you translate the present tense into English.

Quia means because and introduces the reason:

• quia vas integrum et pulchrum est
  = because the vessel is whole/intact and beautiful

It works very much like English because.

A learner might also see quod used for because in other Latin sentences. Both can introduce a causal clause, though quia is extremely straightforward and common in beginner Latin.

It actually is the subject, but vas is one of those nouns whose form can look less familiar.

Here:

• vas is nominative singular
• it is the subject of est

So:

• vas ... est = the vessel is ...

The reason it may seem unclear is that vas is a neuter noun, and its nominative singular does not have a very obvious ending like -us or -a.

Because both adjectives describe vas, so they must agree with it.

Vas is:

• nominative singular
• neuter

Therefore both adjectives are also:

• nominative singular
• neuter

So we get:

• integrum = whole, intact
• pulchrum = beautiful

Both are describing the same noun: vas.

In this sentence, integrum most naturally means intact, whole, or undamaged.

That makes good sense with vas:

• an intact vessel
• a whole pot
• a not-broken container

So the idea is that the potter asks even a small price because the vessel is still in good condition and also attractive.

Latin word order is much freer than English word order.

So:

• quia vas integrum et pulchrum est

is perfectly normal Latin. Putting est at the end is especially common.

Latin often places the verb:

• at the end of the sentence
• or at the end of a clause

for a natural Latin style. English usually would not do that, but Latin very often does.

Yes, mostly.

Latin uses endings more than word order to show grammar, so many rearrangements are possible. For example:

• Figulus parvum pretium quoque poscit, quia vas integrum et pulchrum est.
• Quia vas integrum et pulchrum est, figulus quoque parvum pretium poscit.

These still express roughly the same basic meaning.

However, different word orders can change emphasis. In the original sentence, figulus quoque clearly emphasizes the potter too.

Classical Latin has no definite or indefinite article like English the or a/an.

So:

• figulus can mean the potter or a potter
• vas can mean the vessel or a vessel
• parvum pretium can mean a small price or the small price, depending on context

English must choose an article, but Latin usually leaves that to context.

Literally, Latin uses the direct object:

• parvum pretium poscit

So word-for-word it is closer to asks a small price or demands a small price.

But natural English often prefers:

• asks for a small price
• asks only a little
• charges a low price

So the Latin construction does not always match the most natural English wording exactly.

There is only one et because it joins the two adjectives:

• integrum et pulchrum

This is exactly like English:

• whole and beautiful
• intact and beautiful

Latin does not need to repeat et before each adjective. One et is enough to coordinate the pair.

The sentence has a main clause and a subordinate clause:

1. Main clause:
   Figulus quoque parvum pretium poscit
   = the potter too asks a small price

2. Subordinate causal clause introduced by quia:
   quia vas integrum et pulchrum est
   = because the vessel is intact and beautiful

So the pattern is:

• statement
• followed by reason

That is a very common Latin sentence structure.