Denique iudicium finem habet, et iudex dicit legem omnibus servandam esse.

Latin often expresses an idea with a noun + habet where English might prefer a simple verb.

So:

• finem habet = literally has an end
• idiomatically = comes to an end or ends

This is a perfectly natural Latin way to say that something is ending. A learner should not translate too mechanically here.

Also note:

• iudicium = trial, legal proceeding, judgment
• finem is accusative because it is the direct object of habet

So iudicium finem habet means the trial comes to an end.

Denique usually means finally, at last, or in the end.

In this sentence it signals that the action is reaching its conclusion:

• Denique iudicium finem habet = Finally / In the end, the trial comes to an end

It is an adverb, so it modifies the whole clause rather than a single noun.

Because finem is the direct object of habet.

The basic structure is:

• iudicium = subject
• habet = verb
• finem = direct object

So literally:

• the trial has an end

That is why finis appears here as finem, its accusative singular form.

This is a classic Latin indirect statement after a verb of saying.

The main clause is:

• iudex dicit = the judge says

Then what the judge says is expressed by:

• legem omnibus servandam esse

In Latin, indirect statement usually uses:

• accusative for the subject of the reported statement
• infinitive for the verb

So here:

• legem is the accusative subject of the infinitive phrase
• esse is the infinitive to be

Literally, Latin says something like:

• the judge says the law to be ...

More natural English:

• the judge says that the law must be observed by all

Because in the indirect statement it functions as the subject of esse, and in Latin the subject of an indirect statement goes into the accusative.

That can feel strange to an English speaker, because English uses:

• the judge says that the law...

But Latin uses:

• iudex dicit legem ... esse

So even though legem is logically the thing being talked about, grammatically it is accusative because of the accusative + infinitive construction.

Servandam is a gerundive, from the verb servo, servare, meaning to preserve, keep, observe.

The gerundive often expresses necessity or obligation:

• servandus, -a, -um = to be observed, needing to be kept

Here it agrees with legem:

• legem = feminine singular accusative
• so the gerundive must also be feminine singular accusative
• therefore servandam

So:

• legem servandam esse = that the law must be observed

It is not just a plain adjective meaning observing. It has the stronger idea of having to be observed.

Because the gerundive is being used adjectivally with lex.

The base noun is:

• lex, legis = law

In this sentence it appears as:

• legem = accusative singular

Since servandam modifies legem, it must match it in:

• gender: feminine
• number: singular
• case: accusative

That is why we get:

• legem servandam

not, for example, servandum or servandas.

With a gerundive of obligation, the person who has the duty is often put in the dative. This is sometimes called the dative of agent.

So:

• legem omnibus servandam esse

literally means something like:

• that the law is to-be-observed for all
• or better, that the law must be observed by all

Here:

• omnibus = by all / for all people
• it is dative plural of omnis

This is different from the normal personal agent with a/ab + ablative, which is common with ordinary passive verbs. With the gerundive of obligation, Latin very often prefers the dative.

It could be any of them in form, because omnibus is the dative or ablative plural for all genders of omnis.

Here it means by all or for all, and in context it refers to all people in a general sense.

So although the form itself does not tell you a single gender, the sense is:

• all people
• everyone

In classical prose, esse is normally expressed in this kind of construction.

The phrase:

• legem omnibus servandam esse

is the full indirect statement:

• that the law must be observed by all

Here esse works with the gerundive to form the idea of obligation.

Without esse, the construction would be incomplete in standard prose. In some poetic or very compressed styles, forms of esse can sometimes be omitted, but a learner should expect it to be present here.

The pattern is:

• noun + gerundive + esse
• often with a dative of agent

This gives the meaning must be ...ed or has to be ...ed.

In this sentence:

• legem = the law
• servandam esse = must be observed
• omnibus = by all

So the full idea is:

• the law must be observed by all

This construction is often called the passive periphrastic.

Latin word order is more flexible because the endings show the grammatical relationships.

English depends heavily on word order:

• the judge says that the law must be observed by all

Latin can move words around for emphasis or style:

• iudex dicit legem omnibus servandam esse

A learner can read it by spotting forms and functions:

• iudex = subject of dicit
• dicit = main verb
• legem = accusative subject of indirect statement
• omnibus = dative of agent
• servandam esse = must be observed

So even if the order feels unusual, the endings make the syntax clear.

Yes, depending on context, a more idiomatic English translation may be possible.

Literally:

• dicit = says

But in a legal context, English might naturally say:

• the judge declares
• the judge states
• the judge rules

Still, from a grammar point of view, the Latin verb here is just dicit, and the sentence is built as a normal verb of saying followed by indirect statement.