Magistra non patitur discipulos sine ordine ex bibliotheca egredi.

Because patitur comes from patior, which is a deponent verb.

A deponent verb has:

• passive forms
• but active meaning

So patitur is formally passive-looking, but it means she allows, she permits, or sometimes she endures, not she is allowed.

In this sentence, magistra non patitur means the teacher does not allow.

Magistra is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative case.

It is the person doing the action of non patitur:

• magistra = the teacher
• non patitur = does not allow

So magistra has to be nominative.

Discipulos is in the accusative because it is the object of patitur.

Latin often uses this pattern with verbs like allow, order, force, and similar ideas:

• someone in the accusative
• plus an infinitive

So here:

• magistra = the teacher
• discipulos = the students
• egredi = to leave / to go out

The basic idea is:

• The teacher does not allow the students to leave

So discipulos is both:

• the object of patitur
• and the understood subject of egredi

It is very similar to one, and many beginners find it helpful to think of it that way.

More precisely, with patior, Latin commonly uses:

• an accusative person
• plus an infinitive

So discipulos egredi means the students to leave.

This is not a standard indirect statement after a verb of saying or thinking, but the structure feels similar:

• discipulos = the ones performing the infinitive action
• egredi = the infinitive action

A practical way to understand it is simply:

• patitur aliquem aliquid facere = allows someone to do something

Egredi is the present infinitive of egredior, meaning to go out, to leave, or to step out.

Like patior, egredior is also a deponent verb, so it has passive-looking forms but active meaning.

Its dictionary form is:

• egredior, egredi, egressus sum

So:

• egredi = to go out / to leave

Because egredi is the present infinitive of a 3rd-conjugation deponent verb.

Compare:

• regere = to rule
• ducere = to lead
• but deponent egredi = to go out

So the -i ending is normal for this kind of deponent infinitive.

Similarly:

• patior has the infinitive pati
• egredior has the infinitive egredi

Because it follows the preposition sine, and sine takes the ablative case.

So:

• sine = without
• ordine = ablative of ordo

Together:

• sine ordine = without order

That can mean something like:

• without being orderly
• without lining up properly
• in a disorderly way

Because it follows the preposition ex, and ex also takes the ablative.

So:

• ex bibliotheca = out of the library or from the library

This expresses motion out from a place.

Because Latin usually uses a preposition such as ex or e to show movement out of something.

Here the meaning is specifically:

• to go out from the library

So ex bibliotheca is the natural way to say that.

If you used just bibliotheca by itself, it would not clearly express out of the library.

Literally, it means without order.

In context, it can suggest:

• without behaving in an orderly way
• without proper arrangement
• without forming a line
• in a disorderly manner

The exact English wording depends on context, but the Latin idea is that the students are not permitted to leave unless they do so properly and in order.

Because Latin uses the infinitive form itself to express that idea.

In English we say:

• to leave

In Latin, that is just:

• egredi

So the meaning of English to is already built into the infinitive form.

Not really. Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because the endings show each word’s job.

This sentence is arranged quite naturally:

• Magistra = subject first
• non patitur = main verb
• discipulos = the people being allowed or not allowed
• sine ordine = manner
• ex bibliotheca = place moved from
• egredi = infinitive at the end

Putting egredi at the end is very common in Latin. It lets the sentence build toward the final action.

Yes, very often.

Literally, non patitur means does not allow, but in many contexts the practical sense is close to:

• forbids
• does not permit
• will not let

So depending on context, the sentence could sound in English like:

• The teacher does not allow the students to leave the library without order
• or more naturally, The teacher forbids the students to leave the library in a disorderly way

The Latin itself still uses does not allow rather than a separate verb meaning forbid.