Discipulus neglegens saepe libros domi relinquit et verba nova neglegit.

No, it does not change the basic meaning. Latin word order is much freer than English word order.

Here discipulus neglegens means a careless/negligent student. The adjective neglegens agrees with discipulus and describes it, whether it comes before or after it.

Latin often puts adjectives after nouns, though either order is possible:

• discipulus neglegens
• neglegens discipulus

Both can mean the same thing. The chosen order may affect emphasis slightly, but not the core grammar.

In this sentence, neglegens functions as an adjective meaning careless, negligent, or neglectful.

Historically, it comes from a present participle, but for a learner it is best to understand it here simply as an adjective describing discipulus.

It is:

• nominative
• singular
• agreeing with discipulus

So discipulus neglegens = the careless student or a careless student.

We know because:

1. discipulus is in the nominative singular, the normal case for the subject.
2. The verbs relinquit and neglegit are both 3rd person singular, matching a singular subject.
3. The sentence makes sense with discipulus as the one doing both actions.

So the student is the one who:

• leaves the books at home
• neglects the new words

Libros is the accusative plural of liber, meaning book.

It is accusative because it is the direct object of relinquit:

• the student leaves the books

So:

• liber = book
• libri = books
• libros = books as a direct object

An English speaker has to get used to the fact that Latin shows the job of the word mainly by case ending, not by position alone.

Domi is a special form meaning at home or at the house.

It is an example of the locative, an old case that survives with a small number of words, especially places like:

• domi = at home
• Romae = at Rome / in Rome
• ruri = in the countryside

So:

• domi relinquit = he leaves [them] at home

You could say in domo in some contexts, but domi is the normal idiomatic way to say at home.

Both are present active indicative, 3rd person singular.

That means:

• relinquit = he/she leaves or is leaving
• neglegit = he/she neglects or is neglecting

Because the subject is discipulus, we understand:

• the student leaves
• the student neglects

In many basic Latin sentences, the present tense is translated as a simple present in English.

Because the same subject continues naturally.

Latin, like English, often does not repeat the subject if it is still the same:

• The student leaves the books at home and neglects the new words.

Latin says:

• Discipulus ... relinquit et ... neglegit.

There is no need to repeat discipulus before the second verb, because it is already understood.

Yes, nova verba would also be possible.

Here:

• verba = words
• nova = new

Nova agrees with verba:

• neuter
• plural
• accusative

Since verba nova is the object of neglegit, the phrase means new words.

Latin often places adjectives after nouns, but both orders can occur:

• verba nova
• nova verba

The difference is usually one of style or emphasis, not basic meaning.

Because verbum is a second-declension neuter noun.

Neuter nouns have a pattern that English speakers need to learn carefully:

• nominative singular: verbum
• accusative singular: verbum
• nominative plural: verba
• accusative plural: verba

So verba can be either nominative plural or accusative plural. In this sentence, it is accusative plural because it is the direct object of neglegit.

Yes, they are closely related.

Both come from the same root connected with neglegere, meaning to neglect.

So the sentence has a deliberate connection in vocabulary:

• neglegens = careless / neglectful
• neglegit = neglects

That gives the sentence a nice internal logic: the careless student behaves carelessly.

Latin has no articles like English the or a/an.

So:

• discipulus can mean a student or the student
• libros can mean books or the books
• verba nova can mean new words or the new words

The exact choice in English depends on context. If the meaning has already been given to the learner, that translation has made an interpretive choice that Latin itself does not explicitly mark.

Saepe is an adverb meaning often.

It modifies the verb relinquit:

• saepe libros domi relinquit = often leaves books at home

Its position is flexible. Latin can move adverbs around more freely than English. Here it appears early in the clause, which is very natural.

An English speaker should avoid assuming that the word right next to saepe is the only thing it can modify; in Latin, the endings and the overall structure matter more than strict position.

It is one sentence with two coordinated verbal parts joined by et = and.

The structure is:

• Discipulus neglegens = subject phrase
• saepe libros domi relinquit = first action
• et verba nova neglegit = second action

So the student does two things:

1. leaves books at home
2. neglects new words

This is a very common Latin pattern: one subject followed by two verbs connected with et.