Iudicio finito, turba lente domum ambulat, et pax in foro manet.

Iudicio finito is an ablative absolute: a noun/pronoun in the ablative (iudicio, “the trial/judgment”) + a participle in the ablative (finito, “having been finished”).
It sets the time/circumstance for the main action: “when/after the trial was finished.” Latin often uses this construction instead of a full subordinate clause like cum iudicium finitum esset.

iudicium can mean “trial, court case, judicial decision, judgment” depending on context. Here, because the crowd then goes home and peace remains, “the trial/court case” fits naturally (the proceeding is over).
Latin doesn’t mark this distinction explicitly; you infer it from context.

finito agrees with iudicio in case (ablative), number (singular), and gender (neuter).

• iudicium is neuter singular; its ablative singular is iudicio.
• The perfect passive participle finitus, -a, -um becomes finito to match it.

Yes, but it would change the structure:

• iudicium finitum would be nominative + participle, meaning “the finished trial” as a noun phrase, likely the subject of a verb.
• iudicio finito (ablative absolute) means “with the trial finished / after the trial was finished” and functions adverbially, not as a subject.

turba (“the crowd”) is the subject of ambulat.

• turba is singular, so the verb is singular: ambulat = “walks.”
  Even though a crowd is made of many people, Latin often treats collective nouns as singular.

Because turba is grammatically singular. Latin agrees the verb with the grammatical number of the subject, not necessarily the logical number.
If the writer wanted to emphasize individuals, they might use a plural subject (e.g., homines) and a plural verb (ambulant).

lente is an adverb meaning “slowly.” It modifies the verb ambulat (“walks slowly”).
It comes from the adjective lentus, -a, -um (“slow”) but here it’s in adverb form.

domum is a special form showing motion toward home (an old locative/accusative usage). Latin often says:

• domum ire/venire/ambulare = “to go/come/walk home” without ad.
  You can sometimes find ad domum, but domum alone is very common and idiomatic.

Yes, domum functions like an accusative of motion toward (especially with place words like domus, and names of towns/cities).
Even though it looks like a normal accusative singular, its use is somewhat idiomatic: “(go) home.”

The comma marks off the ablative absolute as an introductory phrase, similar to an English introductory clause: “After the trial was finished, …”
Punctuation is not strictly fixed in Latin manuscripts historically, but in modern printed Latin, commas often help learners see the structure.

et connects two independent clauses: 1) turba lente domum ambulat
2) pax in foro manet
Each clause has its own subject (turba, pax) and verb (ambulat, manet).

manet means “remains/stays”, which adds the idea of continuing in a state.
So pax in foro manet is not merely “there is peace,” but “peace remains (still) in the forum,” implying calm persists after the trial ends.

foro is ablative singular of forum, -i (2nd declension neuter).
With in meaning location (not motion), Latin uses in + ablative:

• in foro = “in the forum.”

Check the case that follows:

• in + ablative = location (“in/on/at”) → in foro
• in + accusative = motion toward (“into/onto”) → in forum
  Here it’s foro (ablative), so it’s location: “in the forum.”

• turba, turbae = 1st declension (feminine)
• pax, pacis = 3rd declension (feminine)
• forum, fori = 2nd declension (neuter)

Latin often places setting/context information first for emphasis and clarity. Iudicio finito sets the scene before the main events.
Within the clause, Latin word order is flexible, but common patterns still appear: subject (turba), adverb (lente), goal (domum), verb (ambulat)—with the verb often near the end.

Yes. An ablative absolute can express several relations depending on context:

• time: “when/after”
• cause: “since/because”
  Here, time (“after”) is the most straightforward, but “since” can work if you’re emphasizing the reason the crowd goes home.