Puer fessus est, tamen ad scholam currit.

Puer is the nominative singular form, which is the case used for the subject of the sentence.

Here, puer is the one who is tired and the one who runs, so it has to be in the nominative.

A useful extra note: puer means boy, and it is a second-declension masculine noun, even though its nominative ends in -er instead of -us.

Because fessus is an adjective, and it must agree with puer in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since puer is masculine singular nominative, fessus must also be masculine singular nominative.

So:

• puer fessus = the tired boy / the boy is tired
• if the subject were feminine, you would get fessa
• if it were neuter, you would get fessum

Est means is. It links the subject puer with the description fessus.

So puer fessus est literally means the boy is tired.

This is an example of a linking verb plus a predicate adjective:

• puer = the boy
• est = is
• fessus = tired

Latin often works like English here: you need a form of to be to say that someone is something.

Latin word order is much freer than English word order because Latin shows grammatical relationships mostly through endings, not position.

So Puer fessus est is natural Latin, and the verb often comes near the end.

English depends heavily on word order:

• The boy is tired means one thing
• changing the order can sound wrong or change the meaning

Latin is different. Because puer and fessus have endings that show their roles, Latin can move words around more easily for emphasis.

Tamen means nevertheless, still, or however.

It shows a contrast:

• the boy is tired
• nevertheless, he runs to school

So the sentence does not just give two facts. It tells you that the second fact happens despite the first one.

A very natural English translation might use:

• however
• still
• yet
• nevertheless

depending on style.

Because the preposition ad takes the accusative case.

The noun schola is a first-declension noun, and its accusative singular form is scholam.

So:

• schola = nominative singular
• scholam = accusative singular

Since ad means to or toward, and Latin expresses motion toward a place with ad + accusative, you get:

• ad scholam = to school

In Latin, movement toward something is often shown with ad + accusative.

So:

• ad scholam currit = he runs to school

This is different from something like:

• in schola = in/at school

So the case and preposition help show the difference between:

• going toward a place
• being in a place

Latin has no articles like English a, an, and the.

So puer can mean:

• a boy
• the boy

and scholam can mean:

• a school
• the school
• just school

The context tells you which English article makes the most sense.

That is why Puer fessus est can be translated as The boy is tired even though there is no separate word for the.

Because the verb ending already tells you the subject.

Currit means he/she/it runs. The ending -it shows that it is third person singular.

So Latin usually does not need to say he explicitly unless the speaker wants extra emphasis or contrast.

In this sentence, the subject is already clear from puer, so adding a pronoun would be unnecessary.

Its basic meaning is runs, but depending on context it can also suggest hurries or rushes.

So ad scholam currit could mean:

• he runs to school
• he hurries to school

The exact English wording depends on the context, but the Latin verb clearly expresses quick motion.

Yes. Puer is understood as the subject of both:

• est
• currit

Latin often states the subject once and then continues with more information about that same subject.

So the sentence works like this:

• Puer fessus est = The boy is tired
• tamen ad scholam currit = nevertheless, he runs to school

English often repeats he, but Latin does not need to.