Learn Hardcore Latin: Mater non cenat in villa, sed in horto cum familia cenat. - Mother does not dine in the villa, but dines in the garden with her family.

After in meaning "in" or "on," Latin typically uses the ablative case (known as the "ablative of place where"). Hence in villa (literally "in [the] house") uses villa in the ablative.

Why do we also see in horto in the ablative, just like in villa?

The same rule applies: in followed by the ablative denotes location. In horto means "in the garden," and horto is in the ablative to match the preposition in.

Why is cum familia used here, and why is familia also ablative?

The preposition cum ("with") always takes the ablative in Latin. So familia appears in the ablative case to indicate "with the family."

Why is the verb cenat repeated?

Latin often restates the verb to form a clear contrast between the two actions or locations. Here, the sentence sets up Mater non cenat in villa ("Mother does not dine in the house") and then contrasts it with sed in horto cum familia cenat ("but she dines in the garden with the family").

What is the function of sed in this sentence?

Sed means "but" in Latin and introduces the contrasting idea. It connects non cenat in villa ("does not dine in the house") with in horto cum familia cenat ("dines in the garden with the family") to show the shift from one location to the other.

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