kaisya ga youkyuu wo ukemasita.

が marks 会社 as the grammatical subject of the sentence: the company is the thing that received something.

Using は would shift the nuance a bit. Compare:

• 会社が要求を受けました。
  = The company received the demand/request.
  This can sound like you are identifying who received it.

• 会社は要求を受けました。
  = As for the company, it received the demand/request.
  This sounds more like you are talking about the company as a topic, possibly in contrast with something else.

So が is natural if the sentence is simply stating what happened to the company.

Because 要求 is the direct object of the verb 受けました.

The basic structure is:

• A が B を 受ける
• A receives B

So in this sentence:

• 会社が = the company is the subject
• 要求を = the demand/request is what was received
• 受けました = received

That is why 要求 takes を.

受けました is the polite past form of 受ける.

In this sentence, 受ける means to receive, to be subjected to, or to get something directed at you.

So 要求を受けました means something like:

• received a demand
• got a request
• was on the receiving end of a demand

This verb is broad, and its exact English translation depends on context. With 要求, it often feels a little stronger than just receive.

Not exactly. 要求 often sounds stronger than the English word request. It can mean:

• demand
• requirement
• insistence
• request, in some contexts

A native English speaker should be careful here, because 要求 can sound forceful. If the situation is softer or more ordinary, Japanese might use words like:

• 依頼 = request, commission
• 要望 = request, wish, desired improvement

So 会社が要求を受けました can sound like the company received a demand rather than just the company got a polite request.

Yes. 受けました is past tense and polite.

Breakdown:

• 受ける = dictionary form, non-past
• 受けました = polite past

So the sentence says that this already happened.

Yes. The ending -ました makes it polite.

Compare:

• 会社が要求を受けた。 = plain past
• 会社が要求を受けました。 = polite past

The sentence is suitable for neutral polite speech, reports, and formal explanation.

Japanese often leaves out information that is understood from context.

This sentence tells you:

• who received it: the company
• what was received: a demand/request

But it does not say who made the demand. That could be added if needed, for example:

• 顧客が会社に要求をしました。 = The customer made a demand to the company.
• 会社が顧客から要求を受けました。 = The company received a demand from the customer.

In the original sentence, the source is simply omitted.

Yes, very often.

If you want to include the source, you can say:

• 会社が顧客から要求を受けました。

Here:

• 顧客から = from the customer

That makes the source explicit. Without から, the sentence just says the company received a demand, but not from whom.

No, Japanese word order is more flexible than English word order, as long as the particles stay the same.

For example, these can mean basically the same thing:

• 会社が要求を受けました。
• 要求を会社が受けました。

The particles が and を show the roles, so the meaning is still clear.

That said, the original order is more neutral and easier for learners: subject + object + verb

Grammatically, yes.

However, whether it sounds natural depends on context. The biggest point is 要求. Because it can sound like demand, the sentence may feel strong or formal.

If you mean something softer like the company received a request, other words might be more natural depending on the situation:

• 会社が依頼を受けました。
• 会社が要望を受けました。

So the grammar is fine, but the vocabulary choice changes the tone quite a lot.

受ける is more neutral and works well for formal or abstract things like:

• demands
• criticism
• treatment
• explanation
• influence

もらう usually has the nuance of receiving something from someone, often with a more personal or beneficiary feeling.

For example:

• プレゼントをもらいました。 = I received a present.
• 要求を受けました。 = I/the company received a demand.

With 要求, 受ける is the natural choice.

It is read:

かいしゃ が ようきゅう を うけました。

Word by word:

• 会社 = かいしゃ
• 要求 = ようきゅう
• 受けました = うけました

So the full reading is:

かいしゃ が ようきゅう を うけました。