sikaeiseisi ga sikou to siseki wo kakuninsimasu.

It follows the very common Japanese pattern:

Subject + が + Object + を + Verb

So here it is:

• 歯科衛生士 = dental hygienist
• が = marks the subject
• 歯垢 と 歯石 = plaque and tartar
• を = marks the object
• 確認します = checks / confirms / examines

A natural breakdown is:

• 歯科衛生士が = the dental hygienist
• 歯垢と歯石を = plaque and tartar
• 確認します = checks

Japanese verbs usually come at the end, so this is normal word order.

が marks the grammatical subject of the sentence: 歯科衛生士.

So 歯科衛生士が確認します means the dental hygienist checks.

Why not は?
Both can sometimes translate similarly in English, but the nuance is different:

• が highlights who does the action
• は marks the topic and often contrasts or sets the scene

In a neutral sentence like this, especially in instructional, medical, or descriptive language, が is very natural.

Compare:

• 歯科衛生士が歯垢と歯石を確認します。
  = The dental hygienist checks the plaque and tartar.
• 歯科衛生士は歯垢と歯石を確認します。
  = As for the dental hygienist, they check the plaque and tartar.

The second is possible, but it has a more topical or contrastive feel.

と is the basic word for and when linking nouns.

So:

• 歯垢と歯石 = plaque and tartar

This use of と usually gives a straightforward, complete list of the items being mentioned.

So the sentence says the dental hygienist checks both plaque and tartar.

Because 歯垢と歯石 works as one combined object phrase.

Japanese often marks the whole noun phrase once at the end:

• 歯垢と歯石を確認します

rather than marking each noun separately.

This is similar to English treating plaque and tartar as one combined object of check.

You would not normally say:

• 歯垢をと歯石を確認します

That is not correct.

確認します comes from 確認する, which means:

• to confirm
• to check
• to verify
• sometimes to inspect

In this dental context, 確認します is best understood as something like:

• checks
• examines
• looks for / checks for

It sounds a bit more formal and professional than a very basic verb like 見ます.

So in a clinic setting, 確認します is a natural choice.

Because 確認します sounds more precise and professional.

Compare:

• 見ます = looks at / sees
• 確認します = checks / confirms / verifies

In medical, dental, business, and formal contexts, Japanese often prefers 確認します when someone is carefully checking something rather than just looking at it casually.

So a dental hygienist 確認します because they are professionally examining whether plaque and tartar are present.

The readings are:

• 歯科衛生士 = しかえいせいし
• が = ga
• 歯垢 = しこう
• と = to
• 歯石 = しせき
• を = written を, pronounced o
• 確認します = かくにんします

So the whole sentence is read:

しかえいせいし が しこう と しせき を かくにんします。

歯科衛生士 means dental hygienist.

It is made up of:

• 歯科 = dentistry / dental
• 衛生 = hygiene / sanitation
• 士 = professional person / specialist

So literally it is something like dental hygiene professional.

This is a job title, and in real Japanese it does not grammatically mean only a woman, even though in some places the profession may be female-dominated.

Japanese usually does not mark:

• articles like a or the
• plural the same way English does

So:

• 歯科衛生士 could mean a dental hygienist or the dental hygienist
• 歯垢と歯石 could mean plaque and tartar without needing special plural marking

The exact meaning depends on context.

This is very normal in Japanese. Learners often want a one-to-one match with English articles, but Japanese just does not work that way.

Yes. 確認します is the polite non-past form.

The dictionary form is:

• 確認する

The polite form is:

• 確認します

This form is commonly used in:

• clinics
• hospitals
• customer service
• workplace speech
• textbooks

Here, it sounds appropriate because the sentence describes a professional action in a formal or neutral way.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Japanese non-past forms like 確認します can refer to:

• a habitual action: checks
• a future action: will check

So this sentence could mean:

• The dental hygienist checks plaque and tartar.
• The dental hygienist will check plaque and tartar.

In a dental appointment context, it often means something like The dental hygienist will check for plaque and tartar or checks plaque and tartar as part of the procedure.

Yes, but the nuance changes.

• 歯垢と歯石 = plaque and tartar
  
  • sounds like a complete, definite pair
• 歯垢や歯石 = plaque, tartar, and things like that
  
  • gives a less complete, more example-based list

So in this sentence, と is better because the speaker is naming the specific things being checked.

Yes, very often.

If the context already makes it obvious who is doing the action, Japanese might simply say:

• 歯垢と歯石を確認します。

That would still be natural in many situations, especially if everyone already knows the dental hygienist is the one speaking or acting.

Japanese often leaves out information that is clear from context.
In this sentence, though, 歯科衛生士が is included to make the subject explicit.