haha ha atarasii tyawan wo hutatu kaimasita.

When talking about your own mother to someone else, Japanese often uses 母. It is the neutral/humble family term for your own mother in outside conversation.

• 母 = my mother / our mother, when referring to her
• お母さん = mom / mother, often when addressing her directly, or when referring to someone else’s mother

Also, Japanese often leaves out 私の if it is obvious, so 母 already naturally suggests my mother in many contexts.

は marks the topic of the sentence.

So 母は means something like:

• As for my mother, ...
• My mother, ...

It tells the listener what the sentence is about. It does not simply equal the English word is.

Yes, but the nuance changes.

• 母は新しい茶碗を二つ買いました。
  This presents mother as the topic: As for my mother, she bought two new bowls.

• 母が新しい茶碗を二つ買いました。
  This puts more focus on mother as the one who did it: My mother is the one who bought two new bowls.

A learner-friendly way to think about it:

• は = topic / contrast / general statement
• が = identifies or emphasizes the subject

In Japanese, adjectives normally come before the noun they modify.

So:

• 新しい茶碗 = new bowls
• literally, new bowl(s)

This works much like English in this case.

Because 新しい is just describing the noun 茶碗. The past tense of the whole sentence is shown by the verb 買いました.

So:

• 新しい茶碗 = new bowls
• 買いました = bought

The sentence means that the action of buying happened in the past. The adjective does not need to become past just because the verb is past.

If you said 新しかった茶碗, that would mean something more like bowls that were new, which is a different idea and usually not what is meant here.

を marks the direct object of the verb.

Here, the thing being bought is:

• 新しい茶碗を = the new bowls

So を tells you what was bought.

二つ is read ふたつ.

It uses the very common native Japanese counting system with つ:

• 一つ = ひとつ
• 二つ = ふたつ
• 三つ = みっつ

In this sentence, 二つ is a general counter meaning two items. It is very common when counting everyday objects, especially when you are not focusing on a very specific counter.

Yes. In Japanese, counter phrases are fairly flexible.

This sentence uses a very common pattern:

• 茶碗を二つ買いました
  = bought two bowls

You can also say:

• 二つの茶碗を買いました
• 茶碗二つを買いました

All are understandable, but noun + を + counter + verb is a very natural pattern.

So the counter does not always have to sit directly in front of the noun the way English numbers do.

Because Japanese nouns usually do not change for singular vs. plural.

So 茶碗 can mean:

• bowl
• bowls

The number is shown by context or by a counter, and here it is shown by 二つ.

Japanese also does not use articles like a or the, so you do not need separate words for those either.

買いました is the polite past affirmative form of 買う (to buy).

Breakdown:

• dictionary form: 買う
• polite non-past: 買います
• polite past: 買いました

So this is the standard polite way to say bought.

A simple way to see it is:

• 母は = topic
• 新しい茶碗を = object
• 二つ = quantity
• 買いました = verb

Japanese usually puts the verb at the end. That is one of the biggest differences from English.

So while English says something like:

• Mother bought two new bowls

Japanese is more like:

• As for mother, new bowls two bought

Of course, the natural English translation is not that literal, but the structure helps explain the Japanese word order.

茶碗 usually means a bowl, especially an everyday bowl such as a rice bowl.

Even though the first kanji is 茶 (tea), modern Japanese 茶碗 does not usually mean an ordinary teacup in daily use.

So an English speaker should be careful not to assume:

• 茶碗 = teacup

More often:

• 茶碗 = bowl, often a rice bowl
• 湯のみ = teacup
• カップ = cup