haha ga daidokoro kara suupu wo motte kimasita.

Both can be possible in different contexts, but が often marks the grammatical subject more directly: mother is the one performing the action.

• 母が台所からスープを持ってきました focuses on mother as the person who brought the soup.
• If you said 母は台所からスープを持ってきました, it would sound more like as for mother, she brought soup from the kitchen, possibly contrasting her with someone else.

So in this sentence, が is a natural way to identify who did the action.

母 is the humble/plain word for my mother when talking about her to someone else.

This is a common pattern in Japanese:

• 母 = my mother when speaking to others
• お母さん = someone else’s mother, or Mom when directly addressing your own mother

So if the speaker is talking about their own mother in a normal descriptive sentence, 母 is very natural.

から means from.

So:

• 台所 = kitchen
• 台所から = from the kitchen

It marks the starting point of movement. Since the soup was brought starting in the kitchen and moved toward the speaker or another relevant place, から is the correct particle.

を marks the direct object of the verb, meaning the thing being acted on.

Here, the action is bringing, and the thing being brought is soup, so:

• スープを = the soup as the object of brought

Even though English might focus on the destination or the motion, Japanese still marks the item carried as the direct object.

持ってきました is built from:

• 持つ = to hold, to carry
• 持って = the て-form of 持つ
• くる / 来る = to come
• きました = polite past form of くる

So literally it is something like:

• carrying, came
• more naturally: brought (something here)

This is a very common pattern in Japanese:
て-form + くる expresses an action that comes toward the speaker or toward the current place.

持ちました just means held or carried, depending on context. It does not clearly include the idea of bringing something to here.

持ってきました specifically means brought in the sense of carried something and came with it.

Compare:

• 荷物を持ちました = I held/carried the luggage
• 荷物を持ってきました = I brought the luggage (here)

So 〜てくる adds movement toward the speaker or the relevant location.

Yes, but it would mean something different.

• 持ってきました = brought it here / came carrying it
• 持っていきました = took it there / went carrying it away from here

The difference is based on direction relative to the speaker or the current viewpoint.

So in your sentence, 持ってきました shows movement toward the place that matters in the conversation.

Japanese is normally an SOV language: subject-object-verb.

So a very typical order is:

• 母が = subject
• 台所から = from the kitchen
• スープを = object
• 持ってきました = verb

The verb usually comes at the end of the sentence. That is one of the most important basic word-order patterns in Japanese.

Yes, often it can.

For example, these are both natural:

• 母が台所からスープを持ってきました
• 母がスープを台所から持ってきました

Because particles mark each word’s role, Japanese word order is more flexible than English. However, the verb still usually stays at the end.

That said, some orders sound more natural than others depending on what the speaker wants to emphasize.

Japanese often omits things that are already clear from context.

Once 母 has been stated, there is no need to repeat a pronoun like she. In fact, Japanese uses pronouns much less often than English does.

So the sentence feels complete and natural without any extra subject repetition.

It shows both.

• きました is polite
• it is also past tense

The plain past form would be きた.

So:

• 持ってきました = polite past
• 持ってきた = plain past

This means the sentence is appropriate in neutral polite conversation.

Usually it means movement toward the speaker, the current location, or the location that is the conversational center.

So it does not always have to mean literally toward me. It can also mean to this place, to where we are talking about, or into the current scene.

That is why 〜てくる is often explained as movement toward the current point of view.

Yes. In this sentence, 台所から naturally connects with the whole action of bringing the soup, so it usually suggests that mother came from the kitchen carrying the soup.

In other words, the kitchen is the starting point of the movement. Since 持ってきました includes the idea of coming while carrying something, it is very natural to understand that mother came from the kitchen with the soup.

The dictionary form is 持ってくる.

This is treated as a compound verb:

• 持つ → 持って
• くる attached after it

Then it is conjugated:

• dictionary form: 持ってくる
• polite non-past: 持ってきます
• polite past: 持ってきました
• plain past: 持ってきた

Learning the dictionary form helps you look it up and recognize other forms more easily.