haha ha kyabetu wo tiisaku kitte, butaniku to issyo ni itamemasu.

は marks 母 as the topic of the sentence: As for mother...

In a sentence like this, は is very natural because the speaker is talking about what the mother does. It gives a general, descriptive feeling.

• 母は...炒めます。 = My mother ... stir-fries ...
• 母が...炒めます。 would put more focus on mother as the person doing it, often in contrast to someone else.

So here, は is the normal topic marker.

を marks the direct object of the verb 切って.

So:

• キャベツを切って = cut the cabbage

The cabbage is the thing being cut, so it takes を.

小さく is the adverbial form of the い-adjective 小さい.

• 小さい = small
• 小さく = small-ly / into small pieces

Before a verb, い-adjectives often change -い to -く.

So:

• 小さく切る = cut into small pieces / cut small

You cannot say 小さい切って here, because 小さい does not directly modify the verb. The verb needs the adverbial form 小さく.

切って is the て-form of 切る.

Here, the て-form connects two actions:

1. キャベツを小さく切って
2. 豚肉と一緒に炒めます

So the sentence means:

• Mother cuts the cabbage into small pieces, and stir-fries it together with pork.

The て-form often works like and, especially when one action happens before the next.

This is a very common feature of Japanese: the object does not have to be repeated if it is already understood.

The sentence literally gives:

• cut the cabbage
• then stir-fry [it] together with pork

The cabbage is understood as the thing that is stir-fried, so Japanese often leaves it unstated in the second part.

If you wanted to say it more explicitly, you could say something like:

• 母はキャベツを小さく切って、豚肉と一緒にそれを炒めます。

But that sounds less natural in ordinary Japanese. Omitting understood words is very common.

一緒に means together or together with.

• 豚肉 = pork
• と = with
• 一緒に = together

So:

• 豚肉と一緒に炒めます = stir-fry it together with pork

In this pattern, X と 一緒に means together with X.

Examples:

• 友達と一緒に行きます = go together with a friend
• 野菜と一緒に食べます = eat it together with vegetables

In the expression 一緒に, the に makes 一緒 function adverbially, meaning together.

So 一緒に behaves like an adverb describing how the action is done:

• 豚肉と一緒に炒めます = stir-fry together with pork

This is just the normal fixed expression. Learners should usually remember 一緒に as a set phrase.

In a sentence like this, 母 usually means my mother.

Japanese often uses family terms differently depending on whether you are talking about:

• your own family to outsiders
• someone else’s family
• family members directly

When talking about your own mother to someone else, 母 is common and humble/plain.

Some related words:

• 母 = my mother (when referring to her)
• お母さん = mom / mother, often when addressing her directly, or referring to someone else’s mother more politely

So in this sentence, 母 most naturally means my mother.

炒めます is the polite non-past form of 炒める.

• 炒める = plain dictionary form
• 炒めます = polite form

Japanese often uses ます forms in neutral, polite explanation, textbook sentences, and everyday polite speech.

Also, non-past in Japanese can describe:

• habitual actions
• general facts
• future actions, depending on context

So this sentence could describe a usual cooking method, not necessarily something happening right now.

Yes. The subject is understood to stay the same unless something shows that it changes.

Here:

• 母は is the topic and the understood subject
• 切って
• 炒めます

So the natural reading is:

• Mother cuts the cabbage into small pieces and stir-fries it with pork.

Japanese often states the subject once and then leaves it out for the rest of the sentence.

Japanese word order is more flexible than English, but not completely free.

This sentence is very natural as written:

• 母はキャベツを小さく切って、豚肉と一緒に炒めます。

Some parts can move for emphasis, but the particles must stay attached to the words they mark.

For example, these are still understandable:

• 母は豚肉と一緒にキャベツを小さく切って炒めます。
  This sounds odd because it suggests together with pork applies too early.
• キャベツを母は小さく切って、豚肉と一緒に炒めます。
  Possible, but more marked.

So yes, some reordering is possible, but the original version is the most natural and easiest for learners to model.

It normally shows a sequence:

1. cut the cabbage into small pieces
2. stir-fry it with pork

The て-form often links actions in order, especially in practical actions like cooking instructions.

So here the natural interpretation is first cut it, then stir-fry it.

It suggests cutting something into small pieces.

Japanese does not always specify the exact shape unless needed. So 小さく切る could mean:

• chop small
• cut into small pieces
• cut finely, depending on context

In cooking, the exact English translation may vary, but the grammar point is that 小さく describes the result of the cutting.

The comma is mainly a reading aid. It shows a pause between the two linked actions:

• キャベツを小さく切って、豚肉と一緒に炒めます。

Japanese punctuation is somewhat flexible, and the sentence could be written without the comma:

• 母はキャベツを小さく切って豚肉と一緒に炒めます。

The meaning stays the same. The comma just makes it easier to read.