jugyougo ni sensei ni nooto o watashimasu.

direct object particle

Breakdown of jugyougo ni sensei ni nooto o watashimasu.

• 先せん生せい: teacher
• に: time particle
• に: indirect object particle

Questions & Answers about jugyougo ni sensei ni nooto o watashimasu.

Why are there two instances of に in the sentence, and what does each one indicate?

They’re marking two different things. In 授業後に, に indicates a point in time (“after class”). In 先生に, に marks the indirect object or recipient (“to the teacher”).

What is the function of を in ノートを渡します?

を marks ノート as the direct object of the verb 渡します. It shows what you are handing over (“notes”).

Why is there no subject in this sentence?

Japanese often omits the subject when it’s clear from context. Here, it’s implicitly “I” (or “we”), so you don’t need to say 私が.

Does the word order matter? For example, could I say ノートを先生に渡します授業後に?

Japanese word order is relatively flexible, but time expressions like 授業後に usually come before the verb phrase. A natural order is:

1. Time (授業後に)
2. Indirect object (先生に)
3. Direct object (ノートを)
4. Verb (渡します)

So 授業後に先生にノートを渡します or 授業後にノートを先生に渡します both work, but you wouldn’t put 授業後に at the very end.

Could I use へ instead of に for the teacher?