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natuyasumi no aida ni tomodati to ryokou wo simasu.

夏なつ休やすみ　の　間あいだ　に　友達ともだち　と　旅行りょこう　を　します。natuyasumi no aida ni tomodati to ryokou wo simasu.
I travel with my friend during summer vacation.
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Questions & Answers about natuyasumi no aida ni tomodati to ryokou wo simasu.

What is the structure and meaning of 夏休みの間に?

In this sentence 夏休みの間に consists of three parts:

  • 夏休み (summer vacation)
  • の間 (“the period of …”)
  • に (marks when an action takes place)
    Together it means “during the period of summer vacation,” indicating the time frame in which the action happens.
Why is the particle に used after 間?
The phrase ～の間 by itself names a time span (“the period of …”). To turn that span into a time adverbial (i.e. “during …”), you add に. So 間に functions like the English word “during” or “within.”
Can we replace 夏休みの間に with 夏休み中に or simply 夏休みに?

Yes.

  • 夏休み中に uses 中 (“throughout/inside”) and is a more concise way to say “during summer vacation.”
  • 夏休みに (“at/on summer vacation”) indicates a general time and is also common.
    All three convey a similar time frame, but ～の間に or ～中に emphasizes that the action happens somewhere within that whole period.
Why is 友達と used before 旅行をします?

The particle と means “with” and marks 友達 (friend) as the companion. Japanese word order is flexible, but a typical sequence is:

  1. Time expression (夏休みの間に)
  2. Companion/Manner (友達と)
  3. Object/Action (旅行をします)
Why does 旅行 take the particle を and the verb します instead of just using 旅行する?

旅行 is a noun that can combine with する in two ways:

  • 旅行をする (noun + を
    • する)
  • 旅行する (treated as a single suru-verb)
    Both mean “to travel.” In polite form these become 旅行をします or 旅行します. The example uses 旅行をします to highlight the noun 旅行 plus the action する.
What would be the difference if I said 旅行に行きます instead of 旅行をします?
  • 旅行に行きます literally “go to a trip,” focusing on moving to the trip or destination.
  • 旅行をします (or 旅行する) emphasizes “doing a trip” or “traveling” itself.
    Both are natural and often interchangeable; 行きます slightly stresses the departing/going aspect.
Where is the subject in this sentence? Who is traveling?
Japanese often omits the subject when it’s understood from context. Here the implied subject is “I” (or “we,” depending on context). If you want to specify, you can say 私は夏休みの間に友達と旅行をします (“I will travel with friends during summer vacation”).
Can I change the word order to something like 友達と夏休みの間に旅行をします?
Yes, because particles mark each phrase’s role. However, placing the time expression first (夏休みの間に…) is most natural in Japanese. Moving 友達と before the time phrase isn’t ungrammatical, but it shifts focus slightly onto “with friends.”