Lancio il dado.

Lancio is the 1st person singular, present indicative of lanciare, meaning to throw, to launch, or to cast.

So:

• io lancio = I throw / I am throwing
• tu lanci = you throw
• lui/lei lancia = he/she throws

In Lancio il dado, lancio means I throw.

Italian often drops the subject pronoun when it is clear from the verb ending.

• Lancio il dado = I throw the die
• Io lancio il dado = also correct, but io adds emphasis, as in I throw the die

Because lancio already tells you the subject is I, io is usually unnecessary.

It can mean either one, depending on context.

The Italian present tense often covers both:

• I throw the die
• I am throwing the die

If you want to make the ongoing action especially clear, Italian can use:

• Sto lanciando il dado = I am throwing the die

But Lancio il dado is perfectly normal.

Il dado means the die, while un dado means a die.

So the choice depends on meaning:

• Lancio il dado = I throw the die
• Lancio un dado = I throw a die

Italian often uses the definite article in places where English might be a little looser, especially when the object is understood from the situation. If you are already talking about a particular die in a game, il dado is natural.

Yes, dado is singular.

• il dado = the die
• i dadi = the dice

This can be tricky for English speakers because English often uses dice very generally, even for one object in casual speech. In Italian, the singular and plural are clearly different:

• un dado
• due dadi

No. Dado can have several meanings in Italian, depending on context, including:

• die (for games)
• cube
• bouillon cube / stock cube

In Lancio il dado, the gaming context makes it clear that dado means die.

Yes. Tiro il dado is very common, especially in the context of games.

Both are grammatical, but there is a slight difference in feel:

• lanciare = to throw / to cast
• tirare = often to throw / to roll in gaming contexts

So:

• Lancio il dado = correct
• Tiro il dado = also very natural, and often more idiomatic when talking about dice

A simple English-style guide is:

LAN-cho eel DA-do

A few details:

• lan- as in lawn but shorter
• -cio sounds like cho
• il is pronounced eel
• dado is DA-do

The stress falls on:

• LÀN-cio
• DÀ-do

In Italian, c before i or e is usually a ch sound.

So in lancio:

• ci gives the ch sound
• lancio is pronounced LAN-cho

The i is there to create the soft ch sound before o.

Yes, but Lancio il dado is the most neutral and standard order.

Italian normally uses:

• verb + object
  Lancio il dado

You can also say:

• Io lancio il dado — adds emphasis to I
• Il dado lo lancio io — strongly emphasizes I’m the one who throws the die

So the original sentence is the basic, unmarked version.

Yes. Lancio can also be a noun, meaning something like launch, throw, or release, depending on context.

For example:

• il lancio del razzo = the launch of the rocket

But in Lancio il dado, it is clearly a verb, because it is followed by a direct object and forms a complete sentence meaning I throw the die.