Se il salvadanaio fosse pieno, comprerei un nuovo libro.

Breakdown of Se il salvadanaio fosse pieno, comprerei un nuovo libro.

io
I
essere
to be
il libro
the book
comprare
to buy
se
if
nuovo
new
pieno
full
il salvadanaio
the piggy bank
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Questions & Answers about Se il salvadanaio fosse pieno, comprerei un nuovo libro.

Why is fosse used here instead of era or è?

Fosse is the imperfetto congiuntivo of essere, used after se to express an unreal or hypothetical situation.

  • Era or è are indicative forms and would suggest a real past or present fact.
  • In this sentence we imagine an unlikely or purely hypothetical condition (“If the piggy bank were full…”), so Italian requires the subjunctive.
Why is it fosse (imperfect subjunctive) and not the present subjunctive sia?

Italian has three main “if”-clauses:

  1. Real condition (indicative + future):
    Se il salvadanaio è pieno, comprerò un nuovo libro.
  2. Hypothetical present/future (imperfetto congiuntivo + condizionale presente):
    Se il salvadanaio fosse pieno, comprerei un nuovo libro. ← our sentence
  3. Impossible past (trapassato congiuntivo + condizionale passato):
    Se il salvadanaio fosse stato pieno, avrei comprato un nuovo libro.
    Here we talk about a present/future hypothesis that isn’t really happening, so we use the imperfect subjunctive fosse, not the present sia.
What type of conditional sentence is this in Italian?

This is a second-type conditional (also called “unreal present” or “hypothetical present/future”):

  • Protasis (if-clause): se + imperfetto congiuntivo
  • Apodosis (result clause): condizionale presente

It expresses what you would do if something unlikely in the present were true.

How do you form the imperfetto congiuntivo of essere and the present conditional of comprare?

Essere (imperfetto congiuntivo):

  • io fossi
  • tu fossi
  • lui/lei fosse
  • noi fossimo
  • voi foste
  • loro fossero

Comprare (condizionale presente):

  • io comprerei
  • tu compreresti
  • lui/lei comprerebbe
  • noi compreremmo
  • voi comprereste
  • loro comprerebbero

In our sentence we use fosse (3rd sg.) and comprerei (1st sg.) to match the subjects.

Can I put the se-clause after the main clause, and what about the comma?

Yes. You can reverse the order without changing meaning:
Comprerei un nuovo libro se il salvadanaio fosse pieno.
When the se-clause follows, the comma is optional and often omitted in casual writing.

Is there a difference between un nuovo libro and un libro nuovo?

Both are correct, but the nuance changes slightly:

  • Un nuovo libro (adj. before noun) often implies “another/brand-new book.”
  • Un libro nuovo (adj. after noun) focuses on the book’s new condition, perhaps contrasting with an old one.
    In everyday speech they’re interchangeable in most contexts.
What does salvadanaio mean and are there synonyms?

Salvadanaio literally comes from salvare (to save) + an old form of danaro (money). It means “piggy bank” or coin bank.
Synonyms or variants:

  • porcellino salvadanaio (if shaped like a pig)
  • cassettina per monetine (more formal, “small coin box”)
Why do we say il salvadanaio with an article, while in English we often drop “the” in “if piggy bank were full”?

Italian generally requires a definite article before singular, countable nouns: il, la, etc.
In English you can often omit the article in generic statements, but in Italian it’s ungrammatical to say simply salvadanaio here. Hence se il salvadanaio fosse pieno.