Breakdown of Festeggiamo il compleanno di Anna in giardino con una torta.
di
of
in
in
il giardino
the garden
Anna
Anna
con
with
noi
we
il compleanno
the birthday
la torta
the cake
festeggiare
to celebrate
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Questions & Answers about Festeggiamo il compleanno di Anna in giardino con una torta.
What does festeggiamo mean, and why is the subject pronoun omitted?
festeggiamo is the 1st-person plural present tense of festeggiare (“to celebrate”), so it means “we celebrate.” Italian verbs include person and number in their endings, making the pronoun noi (“we”) redundant and usually dropped.
Why is the object il compleanno di Anna instead of using a possessive adjective like il suo compleanno?
Italian often uses di + name to mark possession, especially with proper names. While il suo compleanno (“her birthday”) is grammatically correct, it can be ambiguous if it’s unclear who suo refers to. Di Anna is more specific.
Why does di Anna not become d’Anna with an apostrophe?
Although di ends in a vowel and Anna starts with one, elision normally isn’t applied before proper nouns. You say di Anna rather than d’Anna.
Why is there no article before giardino in in giardino, whereas later we use una torta with an article?
When indicating a general location, Italian uses the preposition alone: in giardino (“in the garden,” meaning in a garden in general). You only add the article (becoming nel giardino) if referring to a specific, known garden. For torta, you need the indefinite article una to mean “a cake.”
Why is the indefinite article una used with torta?
In Italian, when you mention celebrating with an object, you usually include an article. Con una torta (“with a cake”) sounds natural; con torta would sound incomplete.
Can I rearrange the word order, for example putting in giardino at the beginning?
Yes. Italian word order is flexible. In giardino festeggiamo il compleanno di Anna con una torta still conveys the same idea, but emphasizes where you’re celebrating.
Is compleanno masculine or feminine, and how do you know which article to use?
Compleanno ends in -o, which typically marks a masculine noun in Italian. Therefore it takes the masculine definite article il.
Why keep the double g in festeggiamo?
The infinitive festeggiare has a double g to signal the soft /dʒ/ sound before i. All conjugated forms retain that stem, so festeggiamo preserves the correct pronunciation.