Il mio compagno aspetta fuori.

In Italian, possessives like mio, tuo, suo usually come with a definite article: il, la, i, le.

So:

• il mio compagno
• la mia macchina
• i miei amici

A common exception is with many singular family members:

• mio fratello
• mia madre

But compagno is not a family term, so the normal pattern is used: il mio compagno.

Compagno can mean different things depending on context. Common possibilities include:

• companion
• classmate
• partner
• boyfriend
• teammate

So the exact meaning depends on the situation. For example, il mio compagno could mean my classmate, my partner, or my boyfriend. The sentence itself does not force just one interpretation.

The feminine form is compagna.

Aspetta is the third-person singular present tense of aspettare (to wait).

The subject is il mio compagno, which is he / my companion, so the verb must match that subject:

• io aspetto = I wait
• tu aspetti = you wait
• lui/lei aspetta = he/she waits

So Il mio compagno aspetta means my companion waits / is waiting.

Italian usually leaves out subject pronouns when they are not needed, because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

Here, aspetta already tells you it is he/she/it. Since the subject noun il mio compagno is present, adding lui would usually be unnecessary.

Italian often prefers:

• Il mio compagno aspetta fuori.

rather than:

• Lui, il mio compagno, aspetta fuori.

You would add lui only for emphasis or contrast.

Here fuori is an adverb meaning outside.

It tells you where the waiting is happening:

• aspetta fuori = waits outside

Italian often uses fuori by itself this way, without needing another word.

Compare:

• È fuori. = He/She is outside.
• Aspetta fuori. = He/She is waiting outside.

Because fuori can work on its own as an adverb.

In this sentence, it simply means outside, so no preposition is needed:

• aspetta fuori

If you want to specify outside of somewhere, then you often add a preposition:

• fuori dalla scuola = outside the school
• fuori di casa = outside the house / out of the house

So:

• fuori = outside
• fuori da/di + place = outside of a specific place

Yes. That would also be natural.

• Il mio compagno aspetta fuori = my companion waits / is waiting outside
• Il mio compagno sta aspettando fuori = my companion is waiting outside

In many everyday situations, Italian uses the simple present (aspetta) where English often uses the present continuous (is waiting). So the original sentence is completely normal.

Using sta aspettando can make the action feel more explicitly in progress right now.

Not always. Aspettare can take a direct object, but it can also be used without one when the context is clear.

Examples:

• Aspetto Maria. = I’m waiting for Maria.
• Aspetto l’autobus. = I’m waiting for the bus.
• Aspetto fuori. = I’m waiting outside.

In your sentence, the thing or person being waited for is simply not stated. Italian allows that very naturally.

Yes, but the original order is the most neutral and natural:

• Il mio compagno aspetta fuori.

Italian can move words around for emphasis, but not every order sounds equally normal.

For example:

• Fuori aspetta il mio compagno. = possible, but more marked or literary; it emphasizes outside
• Il mio compagno fuori aspetta. = much less natural in ordinary speech

So for a learner, the given order is the best standard model.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

eel MEE-oh com-PA-nyo a-SPET-ta FWOO-ree

A few useful notes:

• gli is not in this sentence, but gn in compagno sounds like the ny in canyon
• the stress is on:
  • mìo
  • compàgno
  • aspètta
  • fuòri

A more natural connected pronunciation would sound something like:

il MEE-o com-PA-nyo a-SPET-ta FWOO-ri