Saya melihat noda kopi di kemeja putih saya setelah rapat.

The first saya is the subject: Saya melihat ... = I saw / I noticed ...

The second saya shows possession: kemeja putih saya = my white shirt

So they do two different jobs:

• Saya = I
• ... saya after a noun = my ...

This is very normal in Indonesian.

In Indonesian, the possessor usually comes after the noun.

So:

• kemeja saya = my shirt
• rumah saya = my house
• buku saya = my book

In your sentence:

• kemeja = shirt
• putih = white
• saya = my

So kemeja putih saya literally follows the pattern shirt white my, but in natural English that becomes my white shirt.

Because in Indonesian, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

Examples:

• kemeja putih = white shirt
• rumah besar = big house
• mobil baru = new car

So:

• kemeja putih saya = my white shirt

This is one of the most common differences from English word order.

In Indonesian, when one noun modifies another noun, the main noun usually comes first, and the describing noun comes after it.

So:

• noda kopi = coffee stain
• cangkir kopi = coffee cup
• meja makan = dining table

Here, the main thing is the stain (noda), and kopi tells you what kind of stain it is.

So noda kopi means a coffee stain.

Di is a very common preposition meaning location, often translated as in, at, or on, depending on context.

Examples:

• di rumah = at home / in the house
• di sekolah = at school
• di meja = on the table

In di kemeja putih saya, the natural English translation is on my white shirt, because a stain is on the surface of the shirt.

So di does not always equal one single English preposition. Its exact translation depends on the situation.

Indonesian does not mark tense the way English does. Verbs do not change form for past, present, or future.

So melihat can mean:

• see
• saw
• have seen

The time is usually understood from context or from time words such as:

• kemarin = yesterday
• tadi = earlier
• setelah rapat = after the meeting
• besok = tomorrow

In this sentence, setelah rapat makes it sound like the noticing happened after the meeting, so English naturally uses a past form like saw or noticed.

Lihat is the base form, and melihat is the active verb form commonly used in standard Indonesian.

• lihat = base/root
• me-lihat = to see / to look at

In careful, standard Indonesian, melihat is the more complete form for a transitive verb.

Examples:

• Saya melihat burung. = I see / saw a bird.
• Saya lihat burung. = also very common in casual speech, but less formal

So in your sentence, melihat is the standard, grammatically complete choice.

Indonesian does not normally use articles like English a, an, or the.

So:

• noda kopi can mean a coffee stain or the coffee stain
• kemeja putih saya = my white shirt without needing an article

If a speaker wants to be more specific about one item, they can sometimes use words like:

• sebuah
• satu

For example:

• Saya melihat sebuah noda kopi ... = I saw a coffee stain ...

But in many everyday sentences, Indonesian simply leaves this unstated.

Setelah rapat means after the meeting.

In this sentence, it most naturally tells you when the speaker noticed the stain:

• Saya melihat noda kopi di kemeja putih saya setelah rapat.
• I noticed a coffee stain on my white shirt after the meeting.

So it modifies the whole event of seeing/noticing.

In some contexts, Indonesian word order can create slight ambiguity, just like English can. But here the most natural reading is that the speaker noticed the stain after the meeting.

Yes. Indonesian often allows fairly flexible placement for time expressions.

For example:

• Saya melihat noda kopi di kemeja putih saya setelah rapat.
• Setelah rapat, saya melihat noda kopi di kemeja putih saya.

Both are natural. The second version puts more emphasis on the time frame first: After the meeting, I noticed a coffee stain on my white shirt.

In this sentence, rapat is clearly a noun meaning meeting.

So:

• setelah rapat = after the meeting

But rapat can also have other meanings in Indonesian in different contexts, such as close together or tight.

Examples:

• Jadwal saya rapat. = My schedule is packed.
• Pintu tertutup rapat. = The door is tightly shut.

So context matters. In your sentence, the meaning is definitely meeting.

Yes, but it changes the tone.

• saya = neutral, polite, standard
• aku = more casual and personal

So:

• Saya melihat noda kopi di kemeja putih saya setelah rapat.
  sounds neutral and standard

• Aku melihat noda kopi di kemeja putihku setelah rapat.
  sounds more casual and informal

Notice that with aku, possession is often shown as -ku:

• kemeja putihku = my white shirt

Both are correct, but saya is the safer choice in general learning and formal situations.

Because melihat is a transitive verb, so it can take a direct object.

Pattern:

• Saya melihat noda kopi.
• I saw/noticed a coffee stain.

You do not need a preposition before noda kopi.

This is similar to English see:

• I saw the stain not
• I saw at the stain

So the structure Saya melihat noda kopi ... is completely normal.