Ketika ada gangguan dari tetangga yang berisik, saya tetap bisa fokus belajar.

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Breakdown of Ketika ada gangguan dari tetangga yang berisik, saya tetap bisa fokus belajar.

• belajar: to study
• ketika: when
• yang: who

Questions & Answers about Ketika ada gangguan dari tetangga yang berisik, saya tetap bisa fokus belajar.

What does ketika mean here, and how is it different from saat or kalau?

In this sentence, ketika means “when” in a neutral, time-related sense:

• Ketika ada gangguan... = When there is a disturbance...

Differences:

• ketika – neutral “when (at the time that…)”. Common in writing and formal/neutral speech.
• saat – very close to ketika, often interchangeable. Slightly more formal/“literary” in some contexts.
  
  • Saat ada gangguan... is also correct.
• kalau – literally “if”, but in everyday speech often used as “when” for repeated or typical situations.
  
  • Kalau ada gangguan... = “If/When there’s a disturbance... (whenever that happens)”. More informal.

So here ketika simply marks the time; saat would be fine stylistically, kalau would sound a bit more casual and a bit more “if/whenever”.

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Why do we use ada in ketika ada gangguan? Can we just say ketika gangguan dari tetangga...?