Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Setelah webinar itu, guru memberi kuis singkat tentang tata bahasa. - After that webinar, the teacher gives a short quiz about grammar.

setelah and sesudah are near-synonyms in this meaning and are usually interchangeable in everyday sentences:
- Setelah webinar itu, guru memberi kuis…
- Sesudah webinar itu, guru memberi kuis…
setelah is slightly more common in writing and sounds a bit more neutral/formal; sesudah is very common in speech and also fine in writing.

habis can also mean after, but it’s more informal and also literally means finished / used up. In this sentence you could say:

Habis webinar itu, guru memberi kuis singkat… (colloquial)

For clear, neutral Indonesian, setelah is a good default for after.

Why is itu placed after webinar, and can it be omitted?

itu is a demonstrative that usually means that or the (referring to something already known from context).

webinar itu ≈ that webinar / the webinar (that we already mentioned or know about)

You can omit itu:

Setelah webinar, guru memberi kuis singkat…

Without itu, it’s more like after the webinar in a general sense, or after a webinar (no special emphasis that we already know which webinar).

So:

with itu: specific, known event: that particular webinar
without itu: more general / less specified webinar

Both are grammatically correct; it’s about how specific you want to be.

Why is there a comma after webinar itu? Is it required?

The comma separates an initial time phrase from the main clause:

Setelah webinar itu, (time phrase)
guru memberi kuis singkat… (main clause)

Indonesian commonly uses a comma when an adverbial phrase or clause (time, place, condition, etc.) comes at the beginning.

In practice:

With the comma: Setelah webinar itu, guru memberi kuis singkat… (standard written style)
Without the comma: still understandable and often seen in informal writing, but less in line with standard punctuation rules.

For good written Indonesian, keep the comma.

Why is guru used without any word for the or a? How do I say a teacher or the teacher?

Indonesian does not use articles like a/an or the.

The bare noun guru can mean:

a teacher
the teacher
depending on context. In this sentence, guru naturally reads as the teacher.

If you really want to say a teacher (one teacher, not specifying which), you can say:

seorang guru = a teacher / one teacher

If you want to be more specific, you can modify guru:

guru itu = that teacher / the teacher (already known)
guru bahasa Inggris = the English teacher
guru kami = our teacher

So guru alone is often enough; context does what a/the would do in English.

What is the difference between memberi and memberikan? Could we say guru memberikan kuis singkat here?

Both memberi and memberikan come from beri (to give).

memberi + direct object
- guru memberi kuis singkat = the teacher gave a short quiz
memberikan + direct object
- guru memberikan kuis singkat = essentially the same meaning here

In many everyday sentences, they’re interchangeable, and memberikan can sound a bit more formal or heavier.

Subtle tendency:

memberi [something] (to someone)
- guru memberi kuis singkat kepada murid-muridnya
memberikan [something] [to/for a purpose] can sometimes emphasize the act or effect of giving, especially in formal language, but in practice people mix them a lot.

In this sentence, both:

guru memberi kuis singkat…
guru memberikan kuis singkat…
are correct and natural.

A different verb like mengadakan kuis singkat would mean organised/held a short quiz, not literally gave.

Why is it kuis singkat and not singkat kuis? Where do adjectives go in Indonesian?

In Indonesian, adjectives normally come after the noun they modify.

kuis singkat = short quiz
- kuis (quiz) + singkat (short)

You almost never put the adjective before the noun the way English does:

singkat kuis is incorrect or at least very odd in standard Indonesian.

More examples:

buku baru = new book
rumah besar = big house
pelajaran sulit = difficult lesson

If you have more than one adjective, they all still come after the noun:

kuis singkat dan mudah = a short and easy quiz

Do we need a word like sebuah or satu before kuis? Why is it just kuis singkat?

Indonesian does not require a number or classifier before singular countable nouns the way some languages do.

So kuis singkat by itself can mean:

a short quiz
the short quiz

If you want to stress one quiz, you can say:

satu kuis singkat = one short quiz
sebuah kuis singkat = one (single) short quiz

But adding satu/sebuah is usually only needed when:

you want to contrast with two/three etc., or
you want to emphasize just one.

In this sentence, the plain kuis singkat is the most natural and idiomatic.

What exactly does tata bahasa mean? Is it the same as grammar?

Yes, tata bahasa is the normal Indonesian term for grammar.

tata = arrangement / order / system
bahasa = language

So literally it’s something like the system/order of the language, but functionally it just means grammar.

There is also a word gramatika (from grammar), but it’s more technical/formal and less common in everyday speech. In most contexts—textbooks, schools, everyday explanations—people say tata bahasa.

Could we say kuis tata bahasa without tentang? What’s the role of tentang here?

tentang means about / regarding.

kuis singkat tentang tata bahasa ≈ a short quiz about grammar

You can drop tentang and say:

kuis tata bahasa

but that has a slightly different feel:

kuis tata bahasa is more like a grammar quiz as a compound noun (name/type of quiz).
kuis singkat tentang tata bahasa highlights that the content/topic is about grammar and sounds a bit more explicit and neutral.

Both are grammatical. In many contexts they’d be interchangeable, but:

in titles/labels: Kuis Tata Bahasa (Grammar Quiz) works very well.
in a narrative sentence like this, tentang tata bahasa is very natural.

You could also use mengenai (also about / regarding), slightly more formal:

kuis singkat mengenai tata bahasa

How do we know this is talking about the past if Indonesian doesn’t change the verb form for tense?

Indonesian verbs generally do not change form for tense (past/present/future). The time is understood from context or time expressions.

In this sentence, Setelah webinar itu (After that webinar) strongly implies a past event:

The webinar is assumed to have already taken place.
The quiz happened after that finished event.

If you really want to mark the past explicitly, you can add markers like:

tadi (earlier today)
kemarin (yesterday)
sudah / telah (already)

For example:

Setelah webinar itu, guru sudah memberi kuis singkat tentang tata bahasa.
= After that webinar, the teacher has already given a short quiz about grammar.

But in normal Indonesian, the original sentence is perfectly clear as a past event just from context.