Di negara yang adil, semua warga punya hak yang sama untuk belajar dan berbicara.

In a just country, all citizens have the same right to study and to speak.

Breakdown of Di negara yang adil, semua warga punya hak yang sama untuk belajar dan berbicara.

• di: in
• punya: to have
• dan: and
• untuk: to

Questions & Answers about Di negara yang adil, semua warga punya hak yang sama untuk belajar dan berbicara.

Why is di used before negara? Could I use something like dalam or pada instead?

Di is the normal preposition for physical or abstract location, like in/at in English.

• Di negara ≈ in a/the country.

You could say dalam negara yang adil, but that sounds more formal/abstract, like “within a just state” (often used in legal/political writing).
Pada is mostly used with time expressions or more formal “at/on” uses and wouldn’t be natural here. So for everyday speech and writing, di negara yang adil is the most natural choice.

What does yang do in negara yang adil? How does that structure work?

Yang introduces a descriptive clause or phrase, similar to that / which / who in English.
In negara yang adil:

• negara = country
• yang adil = that is just / which is fair

So negara yang adil literally feels like “a country that is just/fair.”
This is the standard way Indonesian attaches a description or relative clause to a noun.

Is yang adil describing negara or warga?