Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Di ruangan itu, beberapa orang kedinginan, sedangkan yang lain kelelahan. - In that room, some people were feeling cold, while others were exhausted.

As a preposition, di is written separately from the noun: di ruangan itu.
As a passive prefix, di- is attached to a verb: ditulis, dibuka. Writing it as two words with a verb (e.g., di tulis) is incorrect.

Why is itu placed after ruangan, and does it mean “that” or “the”?

In Indonesian, demonstratives follow nouns. ruangan itu can mean “that room” or “the room,” depending on context. itu often signals shared, specific reference, roughly like definiteness.

What’s the difference between ruang, ruangan, and kamar?

ruang: a functional or conceptual “room/space,” often in set phrases (e.g., ruang rapat = meeting room).
ruangan: a physical, enclosed room; very common for “a room” in general.
kamar: a bedroom or private room (hotel room, etc.).
In this sentence, ruangan is natural; ruang would also be fine in many contexts.

Why is there a comma after Di ruangan itu and before sedangkan?

A comma after an initial location/time phrase is common in writing: Di ruangan itu, ...
sedangkan (“whereas/while” in a contrastive sense) normally takes a comma before it to separate the clauses.

Why is there no “to be” verb (am/is/are) in beberapa orang kedinginan?

Indonesian doesn’t require a copula with adjectival predicates. kedinginan functions as the predicate: “some people (are) cold.” You would not use adalah here.

Why kedinginan and not dingin?

dingin describes a property (cold as a characteristic): Air itu dingin (The water is cold).
kedinginan (ke- -an) means “feeling cold/affected by cold” (often uncomfortably so): Mereka kedinginan (They’re feeling cold).
For people’s sensations, kedinginan is more idiomatic than dingin.

Is merasa kedinginan okay, or is it redundant?

It’s acceptable but somewhat redundant, because kedinginan already encodes the experience. Mereka kedinginan usually suffices; Mereka merasa kedinginan adds emphasis to the feeling.

How do lelah and kelelahan differ? What about capek/cape?

lelah = tired.
kelelahan = exhausted/overly tired; also the noun “fatigue.”
capek/cape = colloquial for “tired” (less formal than lelah).
In the sentence, kelelahan signals a stronger state than just lelah.

Can kelelahan be both a noun and an adjective-like predicate?

Yes. Predicate: Dia kelelahan (He is exhausted). Noun: Kelelahan adalah masalah umum (Fatigue is a common problem).

What nuance does sedangkan add, and how is it different from sementara or padahal?

sedangkan contrasts two parallel topics (whereas/while in contrast): A is X, sedangkan B is Y.
sementara can mean “while” (time) or be used contrastively in a neutral way; sementara itu = meanwhile.
padahal means “even though/whereas (contrary to expectation).”
Here, sedangkan is ideal for a clean contrast between two groups.

Could I use sementara instead of sedangkan here?

Yes: ... beberapa orang kedinginan, sementara yang lain kelelahan. It sounds a bit more neutral/temporal; sedangkan is a touch more explicitly contrastive/formal.

What does yang do in yang lain? Why not just lain?

yang nominalizes/modifies to mean “the one(s) that…”. yang lain literally “the ones that are other” = “the others.” Without yang, lain must modify a noun: orang lain (other people).

Difference between yang lain, lainnya, yang lainnya, orang lain, and sisanya?

yang lain = the other(s) (referring back to an earlier set).
lainnya / yang lainnya = the other(s), often more definite (“the rest of them”); both are common.
orang lain = other people (not from the same set; outsiders).
sisanya = the remainder/the rest.
E.g., ... beberapa orang kedinginan, sedangkan sisanya kelelahan (…while the rest were exhausted).

Why not use orang-orang? Does beberapa already mark plural?

Yes. Quantifiers like beberapa (several) already imply plurality, so you don’t reduplicate: beberapa orang (not beberapa orang-orang). Reduplication (orang-orang) can mark plural in general, but not with a numeral/quantifier.

Roughly how many does beberapa mean?

“Several/a few,” often interpreted as around 3–7 (flexible and context-dependent). If you want vaguer quantity, you could use sejumlah (a number of) or sebagian (a portion of).

Can I say Di ruang itu instead of Di ruangan itu?

Yes. Both are acceptable. ruang often appears in fixed labels (ruang kelas, ruang tunggu), while ruangan emphasizes the physical room. The meaning here stays the same.

How is tense/aspect shown? Is this past or present?

Indonesian doesn’t mark tense on verbs. Context or time words indicate it:

Past: tadi, barusan, kemarin, sudah (already).
Progressive: sedang.
Future: akan, nanti.
E.g., Tadi di ruangan itu, beberapa orang kedinginan... (Earlier, in that room, …).

Is sedang natural with kedinginan/kelelahan?

You can say sedang kedinginan/kelelahan to stress the ongoing state, but it’s often unnecessary because these forms already describe a state. Use sedang if you need to highlight “at that moment.”

Is starting with Di ruangan itu required, or just stylistic?

Stylistic. Indonesian often fronts time/place for topic-setting. You could say Beberapa orang kedinginan di ruangan itu, sedangkan yang lain kelelahan with no change in meaning.

Any register tips for alternatives like “very cold” or “very tired”?

Neutral/formal: sangat dingin, sangat lelah; for sensations, prefer kedinginan / kelelahan.
Colloquial: dingin banget, capek banget, kedinginan banget (informal emphasis).
Note: kedinginan already implies discomfort; adding sangat/banget intensifies it further.