Teman laki-laki saya kebingungan membaca jadwal baru itu.

It means “my male friend.” It does not automatically imply a romantic relationship. For “my boyfriend,” say pacar saya (neutral) or cowok aku/saya (colloquial). More formal/literary options for “lover” include kekasih.

Examples:

• Teman laki-laki saya = my male friend
• Pacar saya = my boyfriend/girlfriend (gender-neutral)
• Cowok aku (colloquial) = my boyfriend
• Suami saya = my husband

In Indonesian, demonstratives follow the noun phrase. So “that/this” comes after:

• jadwal baru itu = that new schedule
• jadwal baru ini = this new schedule

Putting itu before the noun (e.g., itu jadwal baru) usually makes a clause like “That is a new schedule,” not a noun phrase.

• bingung = confused (neutral state)
• kebingungan = in a state of confusion/at a loss, often stronger, flustered, or overwhelmed. It can also function as a noun (“confusion”).

The ke- -an pattern often marks a state or an unintentional/involuntary experience (e.g., kedinginan = feeling cold, kecapekan = overtired).

Examples:

• Saya bingung. = I’m confused.
• Saya kebingungan mencari ruangannya. = I was really at a loss trying to find the room.

Yes. Both are natural, with nuance differences:

• bingung membaca = confused reading (more neutral)
• kebingungan membaca = really struggling/at a loss while reading (stronger)

You can also make the time/context explicit:

• bingung saat membaca jadwal baru itu
• kebingungan ketika membaca jadwal baru itu
• Or cause: bingung karena jadwal baru itu

In standard Indonesian, active transitive verbs typically take the meN- prefix (membaca). In everyday colloquial speech, the prefix is often dropped (baca). Both are widely understood:

• Standard: Dia sedang membaca jadwal.
• Colloquial: Dia lagi baca jadwal.

• membaca = to read (something)
• membacakan = to read (something) to/for someone (benefactive, with -kan)

Examples:

• Saya membaca jadwal itu. = I read the schedule.
• Saya membacakan jadwal itu kepada dia/kepadanya. = I read the schedule to him/her.

Indonesian typically places the possessor after the possessed noun:

• teman saya = my friend
• teman laki-laki saya = my male friend

Saying saya teman laki-laki is ungrammatical for possession. Other correct options:

• teman saya yang laki-laki (my friend who is male)
• teman punya saya (colloquial: a friend of mine)

Yes, laki-laki is a reduplication and is conventionally written with a hyphen. Lelaki is a single-word synonym meaning “man/male” (often a bit more formal or literary). Both are correct, but they’re used slightly differently:

• teman laki-laki = male friend
• seorang lelaki = a man

Here, baru is an adjective after a noun, so it means “new”: jadwal baru = new schedule. When baru comes before a verb, it usually means “just/only just”:

• Dia baru membaca jadwal itu. = He just read that schedule.
• Jadwal baru itu = That new schedule.

Indonesian doesn’t inflect for tense. Use time/aspect markers or context:

• Past: Teman laki-laki saya tadi kebingungan membaca… (earlier)
• Completed: Teman laki-laki saya sudah kebingungan membaca… (had already)
• Progressive: Teman laki-laki saya sedang kebingungan membaca… (is in the middle of)

Normally, no; it’s redundant. Indonesian doesn’t require a pronoun after a full noun subject. You might hear dia added in casual speech for emphasis or after topicalization, but standard style avoids it:

• Standard: Teman laki-laki saya kebingungan…
• Topicalized (spoken): Teman laki-laki saya, dia kebingungan…

Use reduplication or a quantifier:

• jadwal-jadwal baru itu = those new schedules
• Or rely on context: jadwal baru itu can be understood as plural in context
• With quantifiers: semua jadwal baru itu, banyak jadwal baru itu

Use a causative or “make” structure:

• Jadwal baru itu membuat teman laki-laki saya kebingungan.
• Jadwal baru itu membingungkan teman laki-laki saya. (using membingungkan = to confuse, transitive)

Yes. saya is neutral/formal; aku is informal/intimate. Possessive forms:

• temanku = my friend (informal, with -ku)
• teman saya = my friend (neutral/formal) Choose based on relationship and setting.