Breakdown of Saya menunjukkan jadwal rapat kepada teman saya di perpustakaan.
saya
I
di
in
teman
the friend
jadwal rapat
the meeting schedule
saya
my
menunjukkan
to show
perpustakaan
the library
kepada
to
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Questions & Answers about Saya menunjukkan jadwal rapat kepada teman saya di perpustakaan.
Why is the verb menunjukkan used instead of simply tunjuk?
In Indonesian, the prefix me- and suffix -kan form a transitive verb—menunjukkan—meaning “to show (something to someone).” Tunjuk alone is the root verb and often appears in commands or intransitive uses. By using menunjukkan, you signal that there is a direct object (the schedule) and typically an indirect object (the friend).
What are the direct and indirect objects in this sentence?
The direct object is jadwal rapat (“meeting schedule”)—it’s what is being shown. The indirect object is teman saya (“my friend”)—the recipient of the showing. In Indonesian, the indirect object is often marked by kepada.
Why is kepada used before teman saya? Can we just say ke teman saya?
Kepada is the standard marker for indirect objects with verbs of giving, showing, telling, etc. It clearly indicates “to (someone).” While ke teman saya isn’t strictly wrong, kepada is more formal and idiomatic for this function.
Why is di perpustakaan at the end, and what does di mean?
Di is the preposition for location, equivalent to “at” or “in.” Di perpustakaan means “at the library.” Placing it at the end follows the neutral word order Subject–Verb–Object–Indirect Object–Adverbial (SVOIA). You could also front-load it for emphasis: Di perpustakaan, saya menunjukkan….
Why is jadwal rapat structured that way? Why not rapat jadwal?
In Indonesian noun phrases, the head noun comes first, followed by its modifier. Jadwal (schedule) is the head noun, and rapat (meeting) modifies it, so jadwal rapat literally means “schedule of the meeting.”
Why does saya appear twice in this sentence?
The first saya is the subject pronoun (“I”). The second saya is a possessive pronoun modifying teman (“my friend”). You could alternatively use the suffix -ku and say temanku instead of teman saya, but repeating saya is also perfectly natural.
Can the word order change, or is this structure fixed?
Indonesian word order is relatively flexible, but SVOIA is the neutral pattern. You can move the location phrase (di perpustakaan) to the front for topicalization, or sometimes swap direct and indirect objects if you adjust markers, but dramatic reordering may sound awkward or change emphasis.
Why are there no words for “the” or “a” before jadwal rapat or perpustakaan?
Indonesian does not have articles like “the” or “a.” Definiteness and indefiniteness are inferred from context or clarified with words like sebuah (“a”) or itu/ini (“that”/“this”) if needed. Here, context makes clear you’re talking about a specific meeting schedule at the library.