Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Ibu saya jarang bangun siang karena dia suka bekerja di pagi hari. - My mother rarely wakes up late because she likes to work in the morning.

Ibu saya translates to my mother. In Indonesian, the noun comes first, followed by the possessive pronoun—so Ibu means mother and saya means my.

What does jarang mean, and how is it used in this sentence?

Jarang means rarely. It serves as an adverb modifying the verb phrase bangun siang, indicating that the subject seldom performs the action of waking up late.

How do you interpret the phrase bangun siang in English?

Bangun means to wake up, and siang refers to the daytime. Together, bangun siang means to wake up late—implying that one gets up later than what is considered early or usual in the morning.

Why is karena used in the sentence, and what role does it play?

Karena means because. It is used to connect the main clause with its explanation. Here, it links the observation that my mother rarely wakes up late with the reason that she likes to work in the morning.

What is the meaning of dia suka bekerja di pagi hari?

Dia suka bekerja di pagi hari translates to she likes to work in the morning. In this clause, dia refers back to my mother, suka means likes, bekerja means to work, and di pagi hari specifies in the morning.

How does the word order in this Indonesian sentence compare to English sentence structure?

While both Indonesian and English generally follow a subject–verb order, there are key differences. In Indonesian, the possessive comes after the noun (e.g., Ibu saya instead of my mother) and adverbs like jarang are placed directly before the verb they modify. Additionally, time expressions such as di pagi hari are used to specify when an action occurs, much like in English, but their placement can vary slightly compared to typical English structures.