Ketika saya menunggu di taman kota, saya tersenyum pada orang yang lewat.

When I wait in the city park, I smile at people passing by.

Breakdown of Ketika saya menunggu di taman kota, saya tersenyum pada orang yang lewat.

• saya: I
• di: in
• menunggu: to wait
• tersenyum: to smile
• taman: the park
• ketika: when
• kota: city
• pada: at
• orang: the person
• yang: who
• lewat: to pass by

Questions & Answers about Ketika saya menunggu di taman kota, saya tersenyum pada orang yang lewat.

What does Ketika mean and how is it used in the sentence?

Ketika translates to "when" in English. It is used as a subordinating conjunction to introduce the time clause "Ketika saya menunggu di taman kota", which sets the scene for the main action in the sentence.

What is the function of the verb menunggu, and does it indicate a specific tense like in English?

Menunggu means "to wait" or "waiting". Indonesian verbs do not change form to indicate tense; the context and additional words (like time indicators) provide that information. Here, menunggu indicates the action of waiting during the moment described in the time clause.

Why is the preposition di used before taman kota, and what does it signify?

The preposition di means "at" or "in". In the phrase "di taman kota", it specifies the location where the waiting takes place, equivalent to saying "in the city park" in English.

How does the phrase orang yang lewat work in this sentence, and what roles do yang and lewat play?

The phrase orang yang lewat means "the person passing by". The word orang translates to "person", yang is a relative pronoun linking the noun to additional information, and lewat means "passing by". Together, they form a relative clause that describes "the person" being smiled at.

Why is the subject saya repeated in both clauses of the sentence?

In Indonesian, it is common to explicitly state the subject in each clause to maintain clarity. Here, saya (meaning "I") is used first for the action of waiting and then for the action of smiling, ensuring the listener understands that both actions are performed by the same person.