Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Teman saya itu sangat baik.

In Indonesian, itu can function like a demonstrative (similar to “that” in English), but it can also give extra emphasis. In Teman saya itu, it’s as if you are highlighting or clarifying which friend you mean, or emphasizing the friend in question. It’s common and doesn’t always translate directly to “that” in English; it can just add focus.

Could I say Teman saya sangat baik without itu?

Yes! You can say Teman saya sangat baik and the sentence is still correct. The word itu just adds an extra layer of specificity or emphasis, but it’s not mandatory.

What does sangat mean, and can I replace it with another word?

Sangat means “very.” Other words that mean something similar include sekali (which typically comes after the adjective: baik sekali) or amat. So you could say Teman saya itu amat baik or Teman saya itu baik sekali, which both convey a similar meaning.

Does Indonesian use a verb like “to be” in this sentence?

In Indonesian, the “to be” verb is often implied. There’s typically no need for a separate word like is in “He is very kind.” Hence, Teman saya itu sangat baik literally translates more closely to “My friend that (is) very kind,” but Indonesian omits the verb.

Is teman the only way to say “friend” in Indonesian?

Teman is the most common word for “friend.” You may also hear kawan (often more formal or literary), sobat (informal), or sahabat (which connotes a closer, more intimate friendship). Context and formality usually guide which word you choose.