Eignarfallið er ekki auðvelt fyrir mig ennþá.

Eignarfallið is the noun eignarfall with the definite article attached.

• eignarfall = genitive case
• -ið = the (neuter singular definite ending)

So eignarfallið means the genitive.

This is very typical in Icelandic: instead of using a separate word for the, Icelandic often adds the definite article to the end of the noun.

Because here eignarfallið is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative.

A useful way to think about it is this:

• the word eignarfall names the grammatical concept genitive
• but the word itself still follows the grammar of the sentence it appears in

So in Eignarfallið er ekki auðvelt..., the sentence is saying The genitive is not easy..., and the subject the genitive is nominative.

Because Icelandic usually expresses the as a suffix on the noun.

So instead of something like:

• the genitive

Icelandic says:

• eignarfallið

This is one of the first big differences English speakers notice. The definite article is often attached directly to the noun:

• hús = house
• húsið = the house

The same pattern is happening with eignarfallið.

Because auðvelt is the neuter singular form of the adjective auðveldur.

In Icelandic, adjectives often agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and often case. Here the subject is:

• eignarfallið = a neuter singular noun

So the predicate adjective after er also appears in the neuter singular:

• auðvelt = easy

Compare:

• Hann er auðveldur — not natural for this meaning, but grammatically masculine
• Hún er auðveld — feminine
• Það er auðvelt — neuter

In your sentence, auðvelt matches eignarfallið.

Because ekki is the normal Icelandic word for not, and it usually comes before the word or phrase being negated.

So:

• er ekki auðvelt = is not easy

This is the standard way to negate a sentence with er. Icelandic does not need anything like English do-support. You simply use the verb and then ekki:

• Hann er ekki hér = He is not here
• Þetta er ekki gott = This is not good

In this kind of expression, Icelandic uses fyrir + accusative to mean something like for me.

So:

• mig = accusative form of ég
• fyrir mig = for me

That is why the sentence says:

• auðvelt fyrir mig = easy for me

This is something you often just have to learn as a pattern. English speakers often want to guess the case from meaning, but with prepositions in Icelandic, the case is part of the expression.

So here, learn the whole chunk:

• vera auðvelt fyrir einhvern = to be easy for someone

Here ennþá means yet or still, depending on how you phrase it in English.

In this sentence, the most natural English meaning is:

• The genitive is not easy for me yet.

It adds the idea that the situation may change later. In other words, the speaker is saying:

• it is not easy now
• but maybe it will become easier

That is why ennþá is important: without it, the sentence would sound more absolute.

Yes, it can, although the original sentence is very natural.

For example, you may also see:

• Eignarfallið er ennþá ekki auðvelt fyrir mig.

This is also understandable and natural, but the emphasis shifts slightly. The original version:

• Eignarfallið er ekki auðvelt fyrir mig ennþá

puts ennþá near the end, which feels very natural for not easy for me yet.

So the exact word order can vary a bit, but the given sentence is a very good standard model to learn.

The structure is:

• Eignarfallið = subject
• er = verb, is
• ekki auðvelt = predicate, not easy
• fyrir mig = for me
• ennþá = yet/still

So literally, it is built like this:

• The genitive
  • is
    • not easy
      • for me
        • yet

This is a very useful pattern you can reuse with other nouns:

• Íslenskan er ekki auðveld fyrir mig ennþá.
  Icelandic is not easy for me yet.

• Framburðurinn er ekki auðveldur fyrir mig ennþá.
  The pronunciation is not easy for me yet.