כדי לתרגל בבית, המורה נתנה לנו דף תרגול קצר.

כדי introduces a purpose: in order to, so as to, or simply to.

So כדי לתרגל בבית means in order to practice at home.

A very common pattern is:

כדי + infinitive

Examples:

• כדי ללמוד = in order to study
• כדי להבין = in order to understand
• כדי לתרגל = in order to practice

לתרגל is the infinitive, meaning to practice or to drill.

After כדי, Hebrew normally uses an infinitive, so כדי לתרגל is exactly the expected structure.

The ל־ at the beginning is part of the infinitive form in Hebrew. In many cases, Hebrew infinitives look like ל + verb:

• ללמוד = to study
• לכתוב = to write
• לתרגל = to practice

So this is not to as a separate word the way it is in English; it is built into the infinitive form.

בבית is made from:

• ב־ = in / at
• הבית = the house / the home

When ב־ attaches to a noun with ה־, they combine:

• ב + הבית → בבית

Literally, it is in the house, but very often it means at home.

That is why בבית is a very natural way to say at home in Hebrew.

Hebrew can place a purpose phrase at the beginning for emphasis or flow.

So:

כדי לתרגל בבית, המורה נתנה לנו דף תרגול קצר.

is like saying:

To practice at home, the teacher gave us a short practice sheet.

The comma marks that opening phrase before the main clause begins.

You could also put the purpose phrase later in the sentence in some contexts, but this fronted version is very natural.

In form, מורה can refer to either a male teacher or a female teacher.

The word itself does not tell you the gender here. The verb does.

Because the sentence says נתנה, which is feminine singular, we know the teacher is female in this sentence.

If the teacher were male, you would expect:

• המורה נתן לנו...

So the verb gives you the answer.

Hebrew verbs in the past tense agree with the subject in gender and number.

The subject is המורה, and in this sentence that teacher is female, so the verb is feminine singular:

• נתנה = she gave

Compare:

• נתן = he gave
• נתנה = she gave

So המורה נתנה means the teacher gave, with the teacher understood as female.

לנו means to us.

It is built from the preposition ל־ meaning to/for plus the pronoun ending for us.

So:

• לנו = to us

In the sentence:

• המורה נתנה לנו דף תרגול קצר

the structure is:

• המורה = the teacher
• נתנה = gave
• לנו = to us
• דף תרגול קצר = a short practice sheet

So literally: The teacher gave to us a short practice sheet.

That is normal Hebrew word order.

Hebrew does not have an indefinite article.

English distinguishes:

• a sheet
• the sheet

Hebrew only marks definiteness, not indefiniteness.

So:

• דף can mean a sheet or sheet, depending on context
• הדף means the sheet

That is why דף תרגול קצר naturally means a short practice sheet without a separate word for a.

Because את is usually used before a definite direct object, not an indefinite one.

Here, דף תרגול קצר is indefinite:

• a short practice sheet

So there is no את.

Compare:

• המורה נתנה לנו דף תרגול קצר = The teacher gave us a short practice sheet.
• המורה נתנה לנו את דף התרגול הקצר = The teacher gave us the short practice sheet.

So the absence of את is exactly what you would expect here.

דף תרגול is a noun + noun combination, often analyzed as a construct relationship.

It means something like:

• practice sheet
• exercise sheet

The first noun is דף = sheet/page
The second noun is תרגול = practice/drill

Together, the second noun describes what kind of sheet it is.

This is very common in Hebrew:

• חדר מחשבים = computer room
• ספר לימוד = study book / textbook
• דף תרגול = practice sheet

In English, we often use one noun to modify another too, so the idea is similar.

In Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• דף קצר = a short sheet

not the other way around.

It is masculine singular because it agrees with דף, which is masculine singular.

That agreement is:

• noun: דף = masculine singular
• adjective: קצר = masculine singular

If the noun were feminine, the adjective would change too.

Also, קצר describes דף, not תרגול. The head noun of the whole phrase is דף, so that is the noun the adjective agrees with.

A natural pronunciation is:

k'dei letargel babayit, hamorah natnah lanu daf tirgul katsar

A slightly more guided version with stress marked could be:

k'dei letargél babáyit, hamorá natná lanu daf tirgúl katsár

A few helpful points:

• כדי is often pronounced quickly as k'dei
• בבית sounds like babayit
• נתנה is natnah, not three fully separate English-style syllables
• קצר ends with a strong r sound in Israeli Hebrew, often lighter than in many English accents

If you want, I can also break the sentence down word by word with syllables.