אם את רוצה למדוד את הקו, יש סרגל על השולחן.

No. The two את words are completely different.

1. אם את רוצה = if you want
   Here את is the pronoun you when speaking to one female.

2. למדוד את הקו = to measure the line
   Here את is the direct object marker. It appears before a definite direct object, such as הקו (the line).

So in this sentence:

• את = you
• את = marker before the line

They are spelled the same, but their jobs are different.

Because the sentence is addressed to a female singular person.

• את רוצה = you (feminine singular) want
• אתה רוצה = you (masculine singular) want

Hebrew verbs in the present tense agree with gender and number, so the form changes depending on who is being addressed.

This sentence uses:

• את = you, feminine singular
• רוצה = wanting, feminine singular form

If you were speaking to a man, it would be:

• אם אתה רוצה למדוד את הקו, יש סרגל על השולחן.

אם means if.

It introduces a condition:

• אם את רוצה... = if you want...

So the sentence structure is:

• If you want to measure the line, there is a ruler on the table.

This is a very common way to make conditional sentences in Hebrew.

למדוד means to measure.

The ל־ at the beginning usually corresponds to the English to before an infinitive:

• למדוד = to measure
• לכתוב = to write
• לראות = to see

So:

• רוצה למדוד = want to measure

This is a very common pattern in Hebrew:

• רוצה + infinitive
• יכול + infinitive
• צריך + infinitive

Because הקו is a definite direct object.

In Hebrew, when the direct object is definite, you usually put את before it.

So:

• למדוד קו = to measure a line
• למדוד את הקו = to measure the line

The word את does not get translated into English here, but it is required in normal Hebrew before a definite direct object.

יש means there is or there are.

So:

• יש סרגל = there is a ruler
• יש ספרים = there are books

In this sentence:

• יש סרגל על השולחן = there is a ruler on the table

Hebrew often uses יש to express existence or availability.

Because the sentence means there is a ruler, not there is the ruler.

When introducing the existence of something, Hebrew often uses an indefinite noun after יש:

• יש סרגל = there is a ruler
• יש ספר = there is a book

Using יש with a definite noun like הסרגל is much less typical in simple existential sentences and usually needs a more specific context.

So here, יש סרגל על השולחן sounds natural because it means a ruler is available on the table.

על means on.

• על השולחן = on the table

The noun שולחן means table.
Adding ה־ makes it definite:

• שולחן = a table / table
• השולחן = the table

So:

• על שולחן would be on a table or just on a table/table-top in some contexts
• על השולחן = on the table

סרגל means ruler in the sense of a measuring tool.

It does not mean a king or someone who rules a country. English has two meanings for ruler, but Hebrew uses different words.

So here:

• סרגל = the object you use to measure or draw straight lines

A helpful pronunciation guide is:

im at rotzah limdod et hakav, yesh sargel al hashulchan

A few notes:

• אם = im
• את (you, fem.) = at
• רוצה = rotzah
• למדוד = limdod
• את (object marker) is also pronounced et
• הקו = often pronounced hakav
• יש = yesh
• סרגל = sargel
• על = al
• השולחן = hashulchan

The stress is usually toward the end in words like:

• rotZAH
• limDOD
• sarGEL
• shulCHAN

In careful pronunciation, it is essentially ha-kav.
But in normal speech, learners often hear it as one unit: hakav.

The word is made of:

• ה־ = the
• קו = line

So:

• קו = line
• הקו = the line

In modern Hebrew pronunciation, this combination flows together naturally.

Yes. קו can mean several related things depending on context, such as:

• a line
• a bus line
• a phone line
• a route

But in this sentence, because of למדוד (to measure) and the presence of a סרגל (ruler), the meaning is clearly line.

The comma separates the conditional part from the main statement:

• אם את רוצה למדוד את הקו = if you want to measure the line
• יש סרגל על השולחן = there is a ruler on the table

So the comma helps show the structure:

If X, then Y.

Hebrew punctuation here works much like English punctuation.

Yes, that is the literal structure.

In natural English, you might also say:

• If you want to measure the line, there’s a ruler on the table.
• If you want to measure the line, a ruler is on the table.
• If you want to measure the line, you can use the ruler on the table.

Hebrew often states this a bit more directly, without adding words like you can use if the meaning is already obvious from context.

Here are the most common versions:

• To one woman:
  אם את רוצה למדוד את הקו, יש סרגל על השולחן.

• To one man:
  אם אתה רוצה למדוד את הקו, יש סרגל על השולחן.

• To a group of women:
  אם אתן רוצות למדוד את הקו, יש סרגל על השולחן.

• To a group of men / mixed group:
  אם אתם רוצים למדוד את הקו, יש סרגל על השולחן.

So both the pronoun and the present-tense verb change to match gender and number.