איכות התמונה בטלפון הזה טובה יותר מאיכות התמונה במחשב הישן.

In present-tense Hebrew, sentences like this often do not use a separate verb for to be.

So:

איכות התמונה בטלפון הזה טובה יותר...

literally looks like:

The picture quality in this phone better...

but it naturally means:

The picture quality in this phone is better...

In past or future, Hebrew would usually use a form of היה.

Because טובה agrees with איכות, and איכות is a feminine singular noun.

The main noun of the subject is:

איכות = quality

So the adjective must also be feminine singular:

• טובה = good / better here in context
• not טוב, which is masculine singular

A common learner mistake is to look at טלפון or מחשב, but the adjective is describing איכות, not those nouns.

יותר is the normal way to make a comparison in Hebrew.

Pattern:

adjective + יותר + מ־...

So:

• טובה = good
• טובה יותר = better

Hebrew often uses more + adjective rather than a special comparative form the way English has good → better, big → bigger, and so on.

The idea of than is expressed by the prefix מ־ attached to the second part of the comparison.

Here:

מאיכות התמונה במחשב הישן

This means:

than the picture quality in the old computer

So in comparisons, Hebrew often uses:

• יותר מ־... = more than ...
• טוב יותר מ־... = better than ...

In unpointed Hebrew, מ־ is written attached to the next word, which is why you see מאיכות.

איכות התמונה is a construct chain (called סמיכות in Hebrew), a very common Hebrew way to say the quality of the picture.

Structure:

• איכות = quality
• התמונה = the picture

Together:

איכות התמונה = the picture's quality / the quality of the picture

A key point: in a construct chain, the first noun usually does not take ה־, even if the whole phrase is definite. The definiteness comes from the second noun.

So:

• איכות התמונה = the quality of the picture

You could also say האיכות של התמונה, but איכות התמונה is more compact and very natural.

In Hebrew, demonstratives like this and that usually come after the noun, not before it.

So:

• הטלפון הזה = this phone
• המחשב ההוא = that computer

Not like English:

• this phone

Also, the noun is normally definite, so Hebrew uses ה־ with it:

• הטלפון הזה
• not just טלפון הזה

In your sentence, because of the preposition ב־, you see בטלפון הזה.

Because adjectives in Hebrew:

1. come after the noun, and
2. must agree in gender, number, and definiteness

So:

• מחשב = computer
• ישן = old

If it is an old computer, you get:

• מחשב ישן

If it is the old computer, both noun and adjective become definite:

• המחשב הישן

That is exactly what happens in the sentence.

Here ב־ is a preposition meaning something like in / on / at, depending on the context.

With devices, Hebrew often uses ב־ where English might say either:

• on this phone
• in this phone
• on the old computer

So:

• בטלפון הזה = on/in this phone
• במחשב הישן = on/in the old computer

Also, ב־ attaches directly to the word. If the noun is definite with ה־, the forms combine:

• ב + הטלפון = בטלפון
• ב + המחשב = במחשב

So Hebrew does not say בהטלפון or בהמחשב.

Yes, Hebrew can shorten it, but the full repetition is very clear and completely correct.

The sentence repeats the full phrase so the comparison is explicit:

• the picture quality in this phone
• compared with the picture quality in the old computer

A shorter version could be:

איכות התמונה בטלפון הזה טובה יותר מזו שבמחשב הישן.

Here מזו means than that one.

So:

• the original version = fuller, very clear
• the shorter version = less repetitive, also natural

Grammatically, the key noun is איכות.

That is the head of the subject:

איכות התמונה בטלפון הזה

Everything else adds information:

• התמונה tells you quality of what
• בטלפון הזה tells you where / in which device
• later במחשב הישן gives the comparison point

This matters because agreement follows איכות, which is why the adjective is טובה.

So if you are ever unsure which noun controls the grammar here, the answer is איכות.