את יכולה להשאיל לי את הספר הזה לעוד שבוע?

את means you when speaking to one female.

Hebrew distinguishes gender in the second person singular:

• אתה = you (to one male)
• את = you (to one female)

So this sentence is addressed to a woman or girl.

Because יכולה has to agree with את.

• את יכולה = you can / you are able to (female)
• אתה יכול = you can / you are able to (male)

Hebrew uses יכול / יכולה plus an infinitive to express can or be able to.

So:

• את יכולה להשאיל... = You can lend... / Can you lend...

Not exactly in the same way as English.

Hebrew does not have a separate modal verb exactly like English can. Instead, it often uses יכול / יכולה, which literally means able or capable, followed by another verb.

So this structure is:

• את = you
• יכולה = able/can
• להשאיל = to lend

Literally, it is something like Are you able to lend me this book for another week?

Usually, it is better to keep it unless the context is very clear.

In the present tense, יכול / יכולה shows gender and number, but not person clearly enough.
So יכולה להשאיל... could mean:

• I can lend...
• you can lend...
• she can lend...

Because of that, Hebrew often keeps the subject pronoun in sentences like this.

להשאיל means to lend.

That is, to give something to someone temporarily so they can use it and later return it.

In this sentence, the speaker is asking the other person to lend the book.

A very common confusion is between lend and borrow:

• להשאיל = to lend
• לשאול = to borrow

So:

• את יכולה להשאיל לי... ? = Can you lend me...?
• אני יכול/ה לשאול את הספר...? = Can I borrow the book...?

Yes. They are related words, and that is one reason learners mix them up.

• לשאול can mean to ask or to borrow
• להשאיל means to lend

So the root connection is real, but the meanings are different in use.

A useful way to remember it:

• לשאול = borrow/ask
• להשאיל = lend

לי means to me.

It is the preposition ל־ (to/for) plus י (me), combined into one word.

So:

• להשאיל לי = to lend to me

In more natural English, we say lend me, but Hebrew often marks that receiver with ל־.

This את is the direct object marker. It does not mean you here.

Hebrew uses את before a definite direct object.

Since הספר הזה means this book, and it is definite, Hebrew puts את before it:

• את הספר הזה

This את usually has no direct English translation.

So in this sentence there are actually two different את words:

• את at the beginning = you (female)
• את before הספר הזה = direct object marker

Because in Hebrew, demonstratives like this usually come after the noun.

So:

• הספר הזה = this book
• הבית הזה = this house

This is different from English, where this comes before the noun.

Also, הזה has to agree with the noun:

• ספר is masculine singular
• so we use הזה

A feminine example would be:

• המחברת הזאת = this notebook

לעוד שבוע means for another week or for one more week.

• עוד = more / another / additional
• שבוע = week

In this sentence, the idea is that the speaker already has the book, or is supposed to return it soon, and is asking to keep it one more week.

A very natural English translation is:

• Can you lend me this book for another week?

Because Hebrew often forms yes/no questions with the same word order as a statement.

The question is understood from:

• intonation in speech
• the question mark in writing

So this works naturally:

• את יכולה להשאיל לי את הספר הזה לעוד שבוע?

In more formal Hebrew, you could add האם at the beginning:

• האם את יכולה להשאיל לי את הספר הזה לעוד שבוע?

But in everyday speech, that is usually unnecessary.

Yes. That is also natural.

• את יכולה להשאיל לי... ? = Can you lend me...?
• תוכלי להשאיל לי... ? = Could you lend me...?/Will you be able to lend me...?

Using the future form תוכלי can sound a bit more like a request, and sometimes slightly softer or more polite.

Both are common, but the sentence you were given is completely normal everyday Hebrew.

Yes, it sounds natural.

It is a normal everyday way to ask someone for a favor.

If you want to make it softer or more polite, you could add words like:

• בבקשה = please
• אולי = maybe/perhaps

For example:

• את יכולה בבקשה להשאיל לי את הספר הזה לעוד שבוע?
• אולי תוכלי להשאיל לי את הספר הזה לעוד שבוע?

These feel a little gentler.

You would change the feminine forms to masculine:

• אתה יכול להשאיל לי את הספר הזה לעוד שבוע?

Changes:

• את → אתה
• יכולה → יכול

Everything else stays the same.

A simple transliteration is:

at yekhola lehash'il li et ha-sefer ha-ze le'od shavua?

A rough pronunciation guide:

• את = at
• יכולה = ye-kho-LA
• להשאיל = le-hash-EEL
• לי = li
• את = et
• הספר = ha-SE-fer
• הזה = ha-ZE
• לעוד = le-OD
• שבוע = sha-VU-a

The main stresses are usually near the ends of these words, especially:

• יכולה
• להשאיל
• הזה
• לעוד
• שבוע