הסלט הזה עם חסה ופטריות טוב יותר מהסלט שקנינו אתמול.

In Hebrew, demonstratives like הזה (this, masculine singular) usually come after the noun:

• הסלט הזה = this salad
• הספר הזה = this book

That is the normal attributive pattern in Modern Hebrew.

A native English speaker often expects this salad, with this before the noun, but Hebrew does the opposite here.

Also notice that the noun is definite too:

• סלט = a salad
• הסלט הזה = this salad

So Hebrew marks definiteness on both parts:

• ה- on the noun
• הזה after the noun

Because in Hebrew, when you say this/that + noun, the noun is normally definite.

So:

• הסלט הזה = this salad
• הילד הזה = this boy

Without ה-, סלט הזה would sound wrong in standard Modern Hebrew.

A helpful rule:

• if English has this/that + noun, Hebrew usually uses ה + noun + demonstrative

Because סלט is a masculine singular noun.

Adjectives in Hebrew agree with the noun they describe in gender and number:

• masculine singular: טוב
• feminine singular: טובה
• masculine plural: טובים
• feminine plural: טובות

So:

• הסלט ... טוב = the salad is good / better
• הארוחה ... טובה = the meal is good / better

Since סלט is masculine singular, טוב is the correct form.

טוב יותר means better.

Hebrew often forms comparisons with:

• יותר = more
• adjective + יותר or יותר
  • adjective = more + adjective

So:

• טוב יותר = better
• literally: good more

Then the thing being compared is introduced with מ־ / מה־ = than:

• טוב יותר מהסלט... = better than the salad...

So the pattern is:

X + adjective + יותר + מ־Y
or
X + יותר + adjective + מ־Y

For example:

• הקפה הזה חם יותר מהתה = this coffee is hotter than the tea
• הבית הזה גדול יותר מהבית ההוא = this house is bigger than that house

Yes. In Modern Hebrew, both are possible:

• טוב יותר
• יותר טוב

Both mean better.

In everyday speech, יותר טוב is very common.
טוב יותר can sound a little more formal or a little more polished, but both are normal and correct.

So these are both acceptable:

• הסלט הזה ... טוב יותר מהסלט ההוא
• הסלט הזה ... יותר טוב מהסלט ההוא

Because Hebrew usually leaves out the verb to be in the present tense.

So where English says:

• The salad is better

Hebrew simply says:

• הסלט ... טוב יותר

There is no separate present-tense word for is/am/are in normal sentences like this.

Compare:

• הוא תלמיד = he is a student
• היא עייפה = she is tired
• הסלט טוב = the salad is good

But in past or future, Hebrew does use forms of to be:

• הסלט היה טוב = the salad was good
• הסלט יהיה טוב = the salad will be good

עם means with.

Here it connects הסלט הזה to the ingredients that come with it or are in it:

• עם חסה ופטריות = with lettuce and mushrooms

So the phrase הסלט הזה עם חסה ופטריות means something like:

• this salad with lettuce and mushrooms

It is describing which salad we are talking about.

Because they are being mentioned indefinitely or generically:

• עם חסה ופטריות = with lettuce and mushrooms

This sounds like naming ingredients in general, not referring to specific previously known lettuce and mushrooms.

If you wanted to refer to specific ones, you could say:

• עם החסה והפטריות = with the lettuce and the mushrooms

So the version in the sentence is the natural way to say the salad has those ingredients as part of its description.

מהסלט means than the salad here.

The מ־ prefix usually means from, but after a comparative it often corresponds to English than:

• טוב יותר מהסלט = better than the salad

It is made of:

• מ־ = than/from
• הסלט = the salad

When מ־ is attached to a word with ה-, the form becomes מה־:

• מ + הסלט → מהסלט

So this is just normal Hebrew prefix behavior.

Hebrew often repeats the noun clearly when making a comparison, especially when the second item is further described:

• מהסלט שקנינו אתמול = than the salad that we bought yesterday

This is very natural because the speaker wants to identify exactly which salad is being compared.

You could sometimes use a pronoun in another context, but here the full noun phrase is the clearest and most natural option.

שקנינו means that we bought.

It is made of two parts:

• ש־ = that / which
• קנינו = we bought

So:

• הסלט שקנינו אתמול = the salad that we bought yesterday

This ש־ is a very common Hebrew relative marker. It introduces a clause that describes the noun before it.

Examples:

• הספר שקראתי = the book that I read
• האיש שפגשנו = the man that we met
• העיר שגרתי בה = the city that I lived in

There actually is one: ש־.

Hebrew often uses this short attached form instead of a separate full word:

• שקנינו = that we bought

So English has:

• the salad that we bought yesterday

Hebrew has:

• הסלט שקנינו אתמול

The ש־ is attached directly to the verb, which is very common in modern Hebrew.

Here אתמול most naturally modifies קנינו:

• הסלט שקנינו אתמול = the salad that we bought yesterday

So yesterday refers to the buying, not to the comparison itself.

In other words, the sentence means:

• this salad with lettuce and mushrooms is better than the salad we bought yesterday

not:

• yesterday, this salad was better than the other one

Hebrew word order helps show that אתמול belongs with the relative clause שקנינו.

Hebrew often builds noun phrases and descriptions differently from English.

This sentence is structured roughly like this:

• הסלט הזה = this salad
• עם חסה ופטריות = with lettuce and mushrooms
• טוב יותר = is better
• מהסלט שקנינו אתמול = than the salad that we bought yesterday

So Hebrew is doing: This salad with lettuce and mushrooms better than the salad that we bought yesterday

Then English adds is and uses English word order.

The Hebrew structure is completely normal:

1. identify the noun
2. add descriptive phrase(s)
3. give the predicate
4. add the comparison

It is more like an extra descriptive phrase attached to הסלט הזה.

It is not an adjective like טוב.
Instead, it is a prepositional phrase:

• עם = with
• חסה ופטריות = lettuce and mushrooms

So it functions like:

• the salad with lettuce and mushrooms

It tells you which salad we mean.

Hebrew often uses these kinds of phrases very naturally after a noun:

• הילד עם הכובע = the boy with the hat
• הבית עם הגינה = the house with the garden

A natural pronunciation would be approximately:

ha-salát ha-zé im khasá u-fitriyót tov yotér meha-salát shekanínu etmól

A few notes:

• הסלט = ha-salát
• הזה = ha-zé
• חסה = khasá or hasá, depending on accent and how strongly the ח is pronounced
• ופטריות = u-fitriyót; the ו here sounds like u before some consonants
• שקנינו = shekanínu
• אתמול = etmól

Pronunciation varies somewhat by speaker, but this is a good practical guide.

Yes, several small variations would still sound natural. For example:

• הסלט הזה עם חסה ופטריות יותר טוב מהסלט שקנינו אתמול.
• הסלט הזה, עם חסה ופטריות, טוב יותר מהסלט שקנינו אתמול.

These versions keep the same meaning.

The main differences are:

• טוב יותר vs. יותר טוב
• whether you pause slightly around עם חסה ופטריות

All of these are normal Modern Hebrew phrasing.