היא הביאה איתה ספר, אבל אני שכחתי להביא את המשקפיים שלי.

Because the subject is היא = she. In the Hebrew past tense, the verb agrees with the subject in gender and number.

• הוא הביא = he brought
• היא הביאה = she brought

So היא הביאה means she brought.

איתה means with her.

It comes from the preposition עם = with, combined with the pronoun her:

• איתי = with me
• איתך = with you
• איתו = with him
• איתה = with her

So היא הביאה איתה ספר is literally something like She brought with her a book, which in natural English is usually just She brought a book with her.

Yes. היא הביאה ספר is a perfectly normal sentence and means She brought a book.

Adding איתה gives a little extra sense of with her. In many contexts it is not strictly necessary, but it sounds natural and can emphasize that she had it on her / brought it along.

Because את marks a definite direct object in Hebrew.

• ספר = a book → indefinite, so no את
• המשקפיים שלי = my glasses → definite, so it takes את

So:

• היא הביאה ספר = she brought a book
• שכחתי להביא את המשקפיים שלי = I forgot to bring my glasses

A very common rule is:

• no את with indefinite nouns
• use את with definite nouns

Yes, it could just be אבל שכחתי.

Hebrew often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb already shows the person:

• שכחתי already means I forgot

So why include אני? Usually for emphasis, contrast, or clarity. Here it helps create a contrast:

• She brought a book,
• but I forgot to bring my glasses.

So אני is not required, but it sounds natural because it highlights the contrast between she and I.

Because Hebrew often uses שכח + infinitive to mean forgot to do something.

So:

• שכחתי להביא = I forgot to bring
• שכחתי לקנות = I forgot to buy
• שכחתי להתקשר = I forgot to call

Here להביא is the infinitive form, meaning to bring.

Yes. They are both forms of the verb להביא = to bring.

In the sentence:

• הביאה = she brought
• להביא = to bring

So the sentence uses the same verb twice, but in two different forms:

• once as a past-tense verb
• once as an infinitive after שכחתי

Yes, that is completely normal.

משקפיים means glasses or eyeglasses, and it is normally used in a plural/dual-looking form, even when talking about one pair of glasses.

This is similar to English, where glasses is also plural in form.

So:

• המשקפיים שלי = my glasses

In Modern Hebrew, משקפיים is treated grammatically as plural.

Because in Hebrew, possessive words like שלי usually come after the noun.

So:

• הספר שלי = my book
• הבית שלי = my house
• המשקפיים שלי = my glasses

This is different from English, where my comes before the noun.

Hebrew can also express possession in other ways in some cases, but with שלי, the normal order is: noun + שלי

Because in Hebrew, a noun followed by שלי is usually treated as definite, and it commonly appears with ה-.

So the normal phrase is:

• המשקפיים שלי = my glasses

This is very common with possessed nouns:

• הספר שלי = my book
• המכונית שלי = my car
• החברים שלי = my friends

For a learner, the safest pattern is: ה + noun + שלי

Not completely. Hebrew word order is flexible, but some orders sound more natural than others.

This sentence’s order is natural:

• היא הביאה איתה ספר

You may also hear:

• היא הביאה ספר איתה

The exact order can slightly affect emphasis or style, but both can be understood. For learners, the original order is a good one to copy.

אבל means but.

It connects the two contrasting parts:

• היא הביאה איתה ספר = She brought a book with her
• אבל אני שכחתי להביא את המשקפיים שלי = but I forgot to bring my glasses

So אבל introduces the contrast between what she did and what I failed to do.

A simple transliteration is:

Hi hevi'a ita sefer, aval ani shakhaḥti lehavi et hamishkafayim sheli.

A few notes:

• היא = hi
• הביאה = hevi'a
• איתה = ita
• שכחתי = shakhaḥti
• המשקפיים = hamishkafayim

Different books may transliterate slightly differently, but this gives a good pronunciation guide.