במסעדה ליד העבודה יש גם מרק וגם עוף, אבל אני מעדיף פסטה.

במסעדה means in the restaurant or at the restaurant.

The ב־ is the preposition in / at, and in Hebrew prepositions are often attached directly to the following word.

• מסעדה = restaurant
• במסעדה = in/at the restaurant

This is very common in Hebrew:

• בבית = in the house / at home
• בעבודה = at work
• בכיתה = in the classroom

Because מסעדה here is indefinite, there is no ה for the.

ליד means next to / near, and העבודה literally means the work.

So word-for-word:

• ליד = near / next to
• העבודה = the work

But in natural English, ליד העבודה usually means near work or near my workplace.

Hebrew often uses העבודה in this kind of everyday sense to mean work / the workplace, where English would just say work.

יש means there is or there are.

In this sentence:

• במסעדה ליד העבודה יש גם מרק וגם עוף
• At the restaurant near work, there is also soup and also chicken
• more naturally: The restaurant near work has both soup and chicken

A key point: יש does not change for singular or plural.

• יש מרק = there is soup
• יש שתי מסעדות = there are two restaurants

So יש is a very common way to talk about existence or availability.

Hebrew often puts the location first, especially with יש.

So this structure is very natural:

• במסעדה ליד העבודה יש...
• literally: At the restaurant near work, there is...

English often prefers:

• There is ... at the restaurant near work or
• The restaurant near work has ...

Hebrew is comfortable beginning with the setting or location before introducing what exists there.

גם ... וגם ... means both ... and ....

In your sentence:

• גם מרק וגם עוף = both soup and chicken

Literally, each גם means also, but together the pattern means both X and Y.

Examples:

• אני לומד גם עברית וגם ערבית = I study both Hebrew and Arabic
• יש גם קפה וגם תה = There is both coffee and tea

So this is a very useful pattern to learn.

Because they are indefinite or generic here.

• מרק = soup
• עוף = chicken
• פסטה = pasta

The sentence is talking about menu items in a general sense, not specific known dishes:

• יש גם מרק וגם עוף = there is also soup and chicken
• אני מעדיף פסטה = I prefer pasta

If you wanted to refer to specific items, you could use ה־:

• המרק = the soup
• העוף = the chicken
• הפסטה = the pasta

עוף can mean a few related things depending on context:

• bird / fowl
• poultry
• chicken as food

In a restaurant sentence like this, עוף most naturally means chicken.

So here:

• יש גם מרק וגם עוף = there is also soup and chicken

Context usually makes the intended meaning clear.

Because מעדיף is masculine singular.

Hebrew verbs in the present tense agree with the subject in gender and number.

So:

• אני מעדיף = I prefer — said by a male speaker
• אני מעדיפה = I prefer — said by a female speaker

Other forms include:

• אנחנו מעדיפים = we prefer (masculine or mixed group)
• אנחנו מעדיפות = we prefer (all-female group)

So the sentence as written assumes the speaker is male.

Because את is used only before a definite direct object.

Here, פסטה is indefinite and general, so there is no את:

• אני מעדיף פסטה = I prefer pasta

But if you meant a specific pasta, you would use את:

• אני מעדיף את הפסטה = I prefer the pasta

This is a very important rule in Hebrew:

• את
  • definite object
• no את
  • indefinite object

In this sentence, אבל simply means but.

• ..., אבל אני מעדיף פסטה.
• ..., but I prefer pasta.

It is the normal everyday word for contrast.

Examples:

• אני עייף, אבל אני עובד. = I’m tired, but I’m working.
• המסעדה טובה, אבל יקרה. = The restaurant is good, but expensive.

Yes. That is a very natural English translation.

Even though Hebrew uses יש literally meaning there is/are, English often translates it more naturally with has when talking about what is available in a place.

So these are both reasonable ways to understand it:

• At the restaurant near work, there is both soup and chicken, but I prefer pasta.
• The restaurant near work has both soup and chicken, but I prefer pasta.

The second version usually sounds more natural in English.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

ba-mis-a-DA li-YAD ha-a-vo-DA yesh GAM ma-RAK ve-GAM OF, a-VAL a-NI ma-a-DIF PAS-ta

A few helpful notes:

• במסעדה = ba-misada
• ליד = liyad
• העבודה = ha’avoda
• יש = yesh
• מרק = marak
• עוף = of
• מעדיף = ma’adif

Stress is usually toward the end in several of these words:

• מסעדה
• העבודה
• מעדיף

Sometimes, yes, depending on context.

Literally, ליד העבודה means near the work or near work, but in real-life use it often refers to the speaker’s workplace area.

So in English it could be understood as:

• near work
• near my workplace
• sometimes near the office

The exact best translation depends on the situation, but near work is usually the safest and most natural.