הכיסא ליד החלון פחות נוח מהספה, ולכן אני תמיד יושבת על הספה וקוראת.

In Hebrew, the verb to be is usually not expressed in the present tense.

So:

• הכיסא... פחות נוח = The chair ... is less comfortable
• literally, Hebrew says something like The chair ... less comfortable

This is completely normal. If you wanted past or future, you would use forms of להיות:

• הכיסא היה נוח = The chair was comfortable
• הכיסא יהיה נוח = The chair will be comfortable

In the present, Hebrew normally just leaves is/are out.

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

So:

• כיסא = a chair / chair
• הכיסא = the chair
• חלון = a window / window
• החלון = the window

In this sentence, the speaker is talking about a specific chair and a specific window, so Hebrew uses ה־.

ליד means next to, by, or near.

So:

• ליד החלון = by the window / next to the window

It describes which chair we are talking about:

• הכיסא ליד החלון = the chair by the window

Very literally, this part works like a location phrase attached to the noun.

Because נוח agrees with הכיסא, and כיסא is a masculine singular noun.

So the adjective must also be masculine singular:

• כיסא נוח = a comfortable chair
• ספה נוחה = a comfortable sofa

In the sentence, the thing being described as less comfortable is the chair, not the sofa, so Hebrew uses:

• הכיסא ... פחות נוח
  not
• הכיסא ... פחות נוחה

This is the Hebrew pattern for less ... than ...

Structure:

• פחות = less
• adjective = comfortable
• מ־ = than / from
• noun = the thing being compared

So:

• פחות נוח מהספה = less comfortable than the sofa

The מ־ here is the same prefix that often means from, but in comparisons it corresponds to than in English.

More examples:

• יותר גדול מהבית = bigger than the house
• פחות יפה מהתמונה = less beautiful than the picture

Because Hebrew often attaches prepositions directly to the noun.

Here:

• מ־ = than / from
• הספה = the sofa

Together:

• מ + הספה = מהספה

So מהספה is one written word.

This is very common in Hebrew. Prepositions such as ב־, ל־, מ־, and כ־ often attach to the following word.

ולכן means and therefore, and so, or therefore.

It is made of:

• ו־ = and
• לכן = therefore

So:

• ..., ולכן אני תמיד יושבת...
  = ..., and therefore I always sit...

It connects the first idea to the result:

1. the chair by the window is less comfortable than the sofa
2. therefore, the speaker always sits on the sofa

Because יושבת is the present-tense feminine singular form of לשבת (to sit), and the speaker is female.

In Hebrew present tense, verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

With אני (I):

• a male speaker says אני יושב
• a female speaker says אני יושבת

So this sentence tells you that the speaker is female.

Yes. Both verbs are present-tense forms that agree with the speaker.

• יושבת = sitting / sit, feminine singular
• קוראת = reading / read, feminine singular

So a female speaker says:

• אני יושבת וקוראת = I sit and read / I am sitting and reading

A male speaker would say:

• אני יושב וקורא

Hebrew present tense does not distinguish between simple present and present progressive the way English often does, so the same forms can cover both ideas depending on context.

Because once the subject is clear, Hebrew often leaves it out in the second coordinated verb.

So:

• אני תמיד יושבת על הספה וקוראת
  literally: I always sit on the sofa and read

Hebrew does not need to say:

• אני תמיד יושבת על הספה ואני קוראת

That version is possible in some contexts, but it sounds more repetitive here. Using one אני for both verbs is natural.

The preposition על means on.

So:

• על הספה = on the sofa

Hebrew uses לשבת על for to sit on a chair, sofa, bench, etc.

Examples:

• יושבת על הכיסא = sits on the chair
• יושב על הספסל = sits on the bench

So אני תמיד יושבת על הספה means I always sit on the sofa.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Hebrew present tense often covers both:

• I read
• I am reading

So:

• אני ... קוראת can mean I read
• or I am reading

In this sentence, because of תמיד (always), the meaning is more like a habitual action:

• I always sit on the sofa and read

תמיד means always.

In this sentence:

• אני תמיד יושבת = I always sit

Its placement is very natural: after the subject and before the verb.

Common positions include:

• אני תמיד קוראת בערב = I always read in the evening
• הוא תמיד עייף = He is always tired

So תמיד is an everyday adverb and very useful to recognize.

Yes. In many sentences, all of those are possible depending on context.

• הכיסא ליד החלון could be:
  • the chair by the window
  • the chair near the window
  • the chair next to the window

Next to can sound a little more exact, while near is sometimes slightly looser, but in normal everyday translation ליד often overlaps with all of them.

The comma separates two connected clauses:

1. הכיסא ליד החלון פחות נוח מהספה
2. ולכן אני תמיד יושבת על הספה וקוראת

This is similar to English punctuation before so, therefore, or and therefore. It helps show that the second part is the result of the first.

Hebrew punctuation is often similar enough to English here, so the comma feels natural.