אל תיגעו במשקפיים שלי עד שאנקה את המראה.

In Hebrew, negative commands are usually formed with:

• אל
  • a future-tense verb

So:

• תיגעו = you will touch / you touch in form
• אל תיגעו = don’t touch

This is the normal way to say a prohibition in Modern Hebrew.

Some matching examples:

• אל תלך = don’t go
• אל תדברי = don’t speak
• אל תאכלו = don’t eat

So אל תיגעו literally uses a future form, but functionally it means don’t touch.

תיגעו is second person plural:

• you all touch / will touch
• in this sentence: don’t touch

It can address:

• a group of men
• a mixed group
• sometimes a group in general when gender is unspecified

Related forms:

• אל תיגע = don’t touch (to one male)
• אל תיגעי = don’t touch (to one female)
• אל תיגעו = don’t touch (to more than one person)

Because the verb לגעת (to touch) usually takes the preposition ב־.

So in Hebrew you say, literally:

• לגעת ב... = to touch ...

That is why the sentence has:

• במשקפיים שלי = my glasses

Not because the meaning is in the glasses, but because Hebrew requires ב־ after this verb.

Examples:

• אל תיגע בקיר = don’t touch the wall
• הוא נגע בדלת = he touched the door
• אל תיגעו במשקפיים שלי = don’t touch my glasses

Yes. משקפיים is one of those Hebrew nouns that has a dual/plural-looking form and is used for something with two matching parts, like glasses in English.

Other similar words include:

• מכנסיים = pants
• נעליים = shoes
• אוזניים = ears

So משקפיים is grammatically plural in form, even though in English we may think of it as a single item or as glasses. That is normal Hebrew usage.

Good observation. Hebrew possession with שלי often does not require ה־ on the noun.

So:

• משקפיים שלי = my glasses
• המשקפיים שלי = my glasses / the glasses of mine

Both can occur, but משקפיים שלי is very natural.

Here the preposition ב־ attaches directly:

• במשקפיים שלי = in/on my glasses, or with לגעת, simply my glasses

Because לגעת ב־ requires ב־, the phrase becomes:

• אל תיגעו במשקפיים שלי

שלי means mine / my.

Hebrew often expresses possession by putting שלי after the noun:

• הספר שלי = my book
• הטלפון שלי = my phone
• המשקפיים שלי = my glasses

So the pattern is:

• noun + שלי

This is one of the most common ways to say possession in Modern Hebrew.

עד ש־ means until.

It introduces a clause describing the point up to which something should or should not happen.

So:

• עד שאנקה את המראה = until I clean the mirror

Other examples:

• חכה עד שאחזור = wait until I return
• אל תלכו עד שנסיים = don’t leave until we finish

In your sentence, the whole idea is:

• Don’t touch my glasses until I clean the mirror.

אנקה is a future-tense form meaning I will clean.

After עד ש־, Hebrew often uses a future form when talking about something that has not happened yet:

• עד שאנקה = until I clean / until I’ve cleaned

So even though English often uses present tense after until (until I clean), Hebrew commonly uses a future form:

• עד שאבוא = until I come
• עד שתסיים = until you finish
• עד שאנקה = until I clean

It comes from the verb לנקות = to clean.

The form אנקה means I will clean.

Some related forms:

• אני מנקה = I am cleaning / I clean
• ניקיתי = I cleaned
• אנקה = I will clean

So in the sentence:

• עד שאנקה את המראה = until I clean the mirror

את marks a definite direct object in Hebrew.

So when the object is definite, Hebrew often uses את before it.

Here:

• המראה = the mirror
• because it is definite, Hebrew says את המראה

Compare:

• אני מנקה מראה = I am cleaning a mirror
• אני מנקה את המראה = I am cleaning the mirror

So את does not mean with here. It is a grammatical marker showing that the mirror is the direct object of אנקה.

Not always. מראה can have several meanings depending on context, including:

• mirror
• appearance
• sight/view

But in this sentence, because of the verb לנקות (to clean), the meaning is clearly mirror:

• אנקה את המראה = I’ll clean the mirror

So context tells you which meaning is intended.

Without vowel marks, Hebrew spelling can sometimes be ambiguous.

המראה could theoretically be read as different words based on context, but in this sentence the context makes it clear that it is:

• הַמַּרְאָה = the mirror

Because:

• לנקות naturally goes with a physical object like a mirror
• the whole sentence is about glasses and touching things, so mirror fits perfectly

This is very common in unpointed Hebrew: readers use context to identify the correct word.

The sentence is built like this:

• אל תיגעו = don’t touch
• במשקפיים שלי = my glasses
• עד ש = until
• אנקה = I clean / I will clean
• את המראה = the mirror

So the full structure is:

• Don’t touch my glasses until I clean the mirror.

This is a very normal Hebrew word order:

• command
• object/complement
• time clause

You would change תיגעו to match the person’s gender and number.

To one male:

• אל תיגע במשקפיים שלי עד שאנקה את המראה.

To one female:

• אל תיגעי במשקפיים שלי עד שאנקה את המראה.

To more than one person:

• אל תיגעו במשקפיים שלי עד שאנקה את המראה.

Only the verb changes; the rest of the sentence stays the same.