פתאום הוא ראה שהפתק שלה עוד בתיק שלו.

ראה is the past tense, 3rd person masculine singular form of the verb לראות (to see).

So:

• הוא ראה = he saw
• היא ראתה = she saw

In this sentence, it refers to he saw / he noticed.

Because Hebrew often allows subject pronouns to be omitted, but they can still be included for clarity, emphasis, or smooth narrative flow.

So both of these are possible:

• פתאום הוא ראה...
• פתאום ראה...

The version with הוא is completely natural and may help keep track of who is doing the action.

The prefix ש־ means that.

So:

• שהפתק שלה עוד בתיק שלו = that her note was still in his bag

Hebrew often attaches short words like this directly to the next word, instead of writing them separately.

The ה־ is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• פתק = a note / note
• הפתק = the note

That means שהפתק is literally that-the-note, or more naturally, that the note.

Hebrew usually expresses this kind of possession with:

noun + של + possessor

So:

• הפתק שלה = her note
  literally: the note of hers
• התיק שלו / בתיק שלו = his bag / in his bag
  literally: the bag of his / in the bag of his

A very important point: שלה and שלו agree with the owner, not with the noun being owned.

So:

• שלה = her / hers
• שלו = his

Even if the noun is masculine or feminine, these forms depend on who owns it.

Here עוד means still.

So:

• הפתק שלה עוד בתיק שלו = her note was still in his bag

In other contexts, עוד can also mean more, another, or yet, so learners often have to use context to choose the right meaning.

Because Hebrew often uses a verbless sentence for states like X is in Y, especially in present-style structures.

Literally, the Hebrew says something like:

• her note still in his bag

But after a past verb like ראה (he saw), English usually translates that state with was:

• he saw that her note was still in his bag

Hebrew can also say היה (was) in some cases, but leaving it out here is very natural.

ב־ is a prefix meaning in.

So:

• תיק = bag
• בתיק = in a bag / in the bag, depending on context

In unpointed Hebrew spelling, the same written form בתיק can represent either:

• בְּתיק = in a bag
• בַּתיק = in the bag

Here, because it is his bag, the meaning is naturally understood as in his bag.

Yes. In Hebrew, ראה ש־... can sometimes mean more than literal visual seeing.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• saw that
• noticed that
• realized that

So this sentence could sound natural in English as:

• Suddenly he saw that her note was still in his bag.
• Suddenly he noticed that her note was still in his bag.

A natural pronunciation is:

Pit'om hu ra'ah sheha-petek shelah od ba-tik shelo.

A few helpful notes:

• פתאום is commonly pronounced pit'om
• ראה is ra'ah, with a small break between the vowels
• שהפתק is sheha-petek
• בתיק here would naturally sound like ba-tik in this context