Πρώτα μιλάω με τη δασκάλα και ύστερα γράφω τις καινούριες λέξεις στο τετράδιό μου.

Yes, they are both time-order words, but they do slightly different jobs here:

• πρώτα = first
• ύστερα = afterwards / then

So the sentence is structured as:

• First, I speak with the teacher
• and then I write the new words in my notebook

Using both makes the sequence very clear and natural.

Yes. μιλάω and μιλώ are both valid forms of I speak in Modern Greek.

• μιλάω is very common in everyday speech
• μιλώ is also correct and may sound a bit more concise or formal depending on context

So:

• μιλάω με τη δασκάλα = I speak with the teacher
• μιλώ με τη δασκάλα would also be correct

Many Greek verbs have this kind of double present form.

Because με (with) takes the accusative case in Modern Greek.

The basic noun is:

• η δασκάλα = the teacher (nominative)

After με, it becomes:

• τη(ν) δασκάλα = the teacher (accusative)

So:

• με τη δασκάλα = with the teacher

This is very common in Greek: prepositions often require a particular case, and με takes the accusative.

Both exist, but in everyday Modern Greek the final -ν of την is often dropped before certain consonants.

So:

• την δασκάλα
• τη δασκάλα

Both can be seen, but τη δασκάλα is very normal and natural.

A simple learner-friendly rule:

• the full form την is always possible in careful writing
• the shorter form τη is often used before many consonants in normal speech and writing

Because both the article and the adjective must agree with λέξεις in gender, number, and case.

Let’s break it down:

• λέξη = word
• λέξεις = words

Here it is the direct object of γράφω (I write), so it is in the accusative plural.

Since λέξεις is:

• feminine
• plural
• accusative

the article and adjective must match:

• τις = the (feminine plural accusative)
• καινούριες = new (feminine plural accusative)
• λέξεις = words

So the whole phrase means:

• the new words

Yes. Both are natural.

• καινούριες λέξεις = new words
• νέες λέξεις = new words

In many contexts they are interchangeable. Sometimes καινούριος can feel a bit more like brand-new, while νέος is the more general word for new, but in a sentence like this both work well.

Because the new words are the direct object of the verb γράφω.

You are writing the words themselves, so Greek uses the accusative:

• γράφω τις λέξεις = I write the words

If you said στις λέξεις, that would mean to/in the words, which is a different idea.

So:

• τις λέξεις = direct object
• στις λέξεις = to the words / in the words

στο is a contraction of:

• σε + το = στο

So:

• στο τετράδιό μου = in my notebook

This contraction is extremely common in Greek:

• σε + το → στο
• σε + τη(ν) → στη(ν)
• σε + τα → στα

So Greek usually combines them into one word.

This happens because μου is an enclitic word, meaning it leans on the word before it.

The noun is:

• τετράδιο = notebook

When Greek adds an enclitic like μου (my), an extra written accent often appears if needed for pronunciation/stress rules:

• το τετράδιο
• το τετράδιό μου

This does not mean the word suddenly has a completely different stress pattern in the way an English speaker might expect; it reflects a Greek accent rule involving enclitics.

You will see this often with words like:

• ο δάσκαλός μου = my teacher
• το πρόσωπό σου = your face
• το τετράδιό μου = my notebook

That is just how Greek usually expresses this kind of possession with weak pronouns.

Greek commonly says:

• το τετράδιό μου = my notebook
• literally: the notebook of me / notebook my

So the pattern is:

• article + noun + possessive weak pronoun

Examples:

• το βιβλίο μου = my book
• η τσάντα σου = your bag
• ο φίλος της = her friend

This is one of the most important word-order differences from English.

Greek usually keeps the definite article with possessed nouns:

• το τετράδιό μου = my notebook
• η μητέρα μου = my mother
• ο φίλος μου = my friend

In English, my replaces the, but in Greek the article normally stays.

You can sometimes omit the article in certain special contexts, but for a learner the safe, standard pattern is:

• article + noun + μου/σου/του...

Greek word order is more flexible than English word order.

The sentence as given:

• Πρώτα μιλάω με τη δασκάλα και ύστερα γράφω τις καινούριες λέξεις στο τετράδιό μου.

is very natural.

But Greek could also move parts around for emphasis, for example:

• Πρώτα μιλάω με τη δασκάλα και ύστερα στο τετράδιό μου γράφω τις καινούριες λέξεις.

That is less neutral, but still understandable.

For learners, it is best to keep the basic order:

• time word
• verb
• object/complements

because it sounds clear and natural.

Because in Greek, just like in English, the present tense can describe a routine, habit, or repeated sequence.

So this sentence can mean something like:

• First I speak with the teacher and then I write the new words in my notebook.

That sounds like something the speaker usually does, for example in class.

Greek does not need a special future or past form unless the context calls for it. The present tense here is perfectly normal for a regular procedure or habit.

Because standard Greek normally contracts σε + το into στο.

So although it comes from:

• σε το τετράδιό μου

the normal written and spoken form is:

• στο τετράδιό μου

Using the uncontracted form would sound unnatural in ordinary Modern Greek.

και means and.

Here it joins the two actions:

• πρώτα μιλάω με τη δασκάλα
• ύστερα γράφω τις καινούριες λέξεις στο τετράδιό μου

So:

• ... και ύστερα ... = ... and then ...

It is doing the same coordinating job that and does in English.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• τη δασκάλα ≈ tee thah-SKAH-lah
• στο τετράδιό μου ≈ sto te-TRA-thee-OH moo

A few helpful notes:

• δ in Modern Greek sounds like th in this
• θ sounds like th in think
• ου sounds like oo in food
• οι, ει, η, ι, υ usually all sound like ee

So:

• τετράδιο has the stress on τρά
• τετράδιό μου keeps the main stress there, with the written extra accent because of μου

Sometimes yes, but not always in exactly the same way.

• ύστερα = afterwards / then
• μετά can also mean after / afterwards / later

So a sentence like this could naturally be:

• Πρώτα μιλάω με τη δασκάλα και μετά γράφω τις καινούριες λέξεις στο τετράδιό μου.

That is very common in everyday Greek.

ύστερα is slightly more explicitly afterwards / then, while μετά is often the most common everyday choice. Both are natural here.