Αυτή η λέξη εδώ αρχίζει με πεζό γράμμα και όχι με κεφαλαίο.

Because Greek normally says this + the + noun.

So:

• αυτή = this
• η = the for a feminine singular noun
• λέξη = word

Together, αυτή η λέξη means this word.

This is completely normal in Greek. English does not use the after this, but Greek usually does.

Because λέξη is a feminine noun in Greek.

Greek nouns have grammatical gender:

• ο = masculine
• η = feminine
• το = neuter

Since λέξη is feminine, the article and demonstrative must match it:

• αυτή η λέξη

This is grammatical gender, not biological gender.

εδώ means here.

In Αυτή η λέξη εδώ, it points to a specific word nearby, probably on a page or screen: this word here.

It adds a sense of physical or visual pointing. Without εδώ, the sentence would still make sense, but it would be slightly less specific.

Greek word order is fairly flexible, and εδώ can appear in different places depending on emphasis.

Here, Αυτή η λέξη εδώ sounds like:

• this word here

That is a natural way to point something out.

You may also hear:

• αυτή εδώ η λέξη

That also means this word here, but the emphasis is arranged a little differently. Both are natural.

Because the subject is η λέξη = the word, which is third person singular.

The verb αρχίζω means I begin / I start in its dictionary form.
In this sentence, we need it begins / it starts, so Greek uses:

• αρχίζει = begins / starts

So:

• η λέξη αρχίζει = the word begins

Yes.

• αρχίζει = begins
• με = with

So:

• αρχίζει με πεζό γράμμα = begins with a lowercase letter

This is a normal Greek structure, just like English begin with.

After the preposition με (with), Greek uses the accusative.

Here:

• γράμμα is a neuter noun
• πεζό is an adjective matching γράμμα

So both are in neuter singular accusative:

• με πεζό γράμμα = with a lowercase letter

In neuter singular, the accusative often looks the same as the nominative, so the form may not look different to you.

These are the standard typography terms:

• πεζό γράμμα = lowercase letter
• κεφαλαίο γράμμα = capital letter / uppercase letter

So the sentence contrasts:

• πεζό = lowercase
• κεφαλαίο = capital / uppercase

These are the normal words to learn for writing and spelling.

Because Greek, like English, often leaves out a repeated noun when it is obvious.

So:

• με πεζό γράμμα και όχι με κεφαλαίο

really means:

• με πεζό γράμμα και όχι με κεφαλαίο γράμμα

The second γράμμα is understood, so it can be omitted.

English does the same thing in phrases like with a lowercase letter and not a capital one.

όχι means not.

The phrase και όχι means something like:

• and not
• rather than
• not ... but instead ...

So the sentence says that the word begins:

• with a lowercase letter
• and not with a capital letter

It creates a clear contrast.

A Greek speaker might sometimes say something like that in informal speech, and it would probably be understood. But the standard and most correct term for lowercase is:

• πεζό γράμμα

Likewise, the standard opposite is:

• κεφαλαίο γράμμα

So for learners, πεζό / κεφαλαίο is the pair to remember.

Yes: the written accent marks show which syllable is stressed.

• αυτή
• λέξη
• εδώ
• αρχίζει
• πεζό
• γράμμα
• κεφαλαίο

Greek stress matters, so it is worth learning these words with their accents.